The Pinnacle Architecture: Reducing the cost of breaking RSA-2048 to 100 000 physical qubits using quantum LDPC codes

Fuente: arXiv
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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Webster, Paul, Berent, Lucas, Chandra, Omprakash, Hockings, Evan T., Baspin, Nouédyn, Thomsen, Felix, Smith, Samuel C., Cohen, Lawrence Z.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Webster, Paul
Berent, Lucas
Chandra, Omprakash
Hockings, Evan T.
Baspin, Nouédyn
Thomsen, Felix
Smith, Samuel C.
Cohen, Lawrence Z.
author_facet Webster, Paul
Berent, Lucas
Chandra, Omprakash
Hockings, Evan T.
Baspin, Nouédyn
Thomsen, Felix
Smith, Samuel C.
Cohen, Lawrence Z.
contents The realisation of utility-scale quantum computing inextricably depends on the design of practical, low-overhead fault-tolerant architectures. We introduce the Pinnacle Architecture, which uses quantum low-density parity check (QLDPC) codes to allow for universal, fault-tolerant quantum computation with a spacetime overhead significantly smaller than that of any competing architecture. With this architecture, we show that 2048-bit RSA integers can be factored with fewer than one hundred thousand physical qubits, given a physical error rate of $10^{-3}$, code cycle time of $1$ microsecond and a reaction time of $10$ microseconds. We thereby demonstrate the feasibility of utility-scale quantum computing with an order of magnitude fewer physical qubits than has previously been believed necessary.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_11457
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Pinnacle Architecture: Reducing the cost of breaking RSA-2048 to 100 000 physical qubits using quantum LDPC codes
Webster, Paul
Berent, Lucas
Chandra, Omprakash
Hockings, Evan T.
Baspin, Nouédyn
Thomsen, Felix
Smith, Samuel C.
Cohen, Lawrence Z.
Quantum Physics
The realisation of utility-scale quantum computing inextricably depends on the design of practical, low-overhead fault-tolerant architectures. We introduce the Pinnacle Architecture, which uses quantum low-density parity check (QLDPC) codes to allow for universal, fault-tolerant quantum computation with a spacetime overhead significantly smaller than that of any competing architecture. With this architecture, we show that 2048-bit RSA integers can be factored with fewer than one hundred thousand physical qubits, given a physical error rate of $10^{-3}$, code cycle time of $1$ microsecond and a reaction time of $10$ microseconds. We thereby demonstrate the feasibility of utility-scale quantum computing with an order of magnitude fewer physical qubits than has previously been believed necessary.
title The Pinnacle Architecture: Reducing the cost of breaking RSA-2048 to 100 000 physical qubits using quantum LDPC codes
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.11457