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Main Authors: Cronshaw, Robert, Vilouras, Konstantinos, Yan, Junyu, Du, Yuning, Chen, Feng, McDonagh, Steven, Tsaftaris, Sotirios A.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.12004
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author Cronshaw, Robert
Vilouras, Konstantinos
Yan, Junyu
Du, Yuning
Chen, Feng
McDonagh, Steven
Tsaftaris, Sotirios A.
author_facet Cronshaw, Robert
Vilouras, Konstantinos
Yan, Junyu
Du, Yuning
Chen, Feng
McDonagh, Steven
Tsaftaris, Sotirios A.
contents Text-to-image generation has been increasingly applied in medical domains for various purposes such as data augmentation and education. Evaluating the quality and clinical reliability of these generated images is essential. However, existing methods mainly assess image realism or diversity, while failing to capture whether the generated images reflect the intended clinical semantics, such as anatomical location and pathology. In this study, we propose the Clinical Semantics Evaluator (CSEval), a framework that leverages language models to assess clinical semantic alignment between the generated images and their conditioning prompts. Our experiments show that CSEval identifies semantic inconsistencies overlooked by other metrics and correlates with expert judgment. CSEval provides a scalable and clinically meaningful complement to existing evaluation methods, supporting the safe adoption of generative models in healthcare.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_12004
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle CSEval: A Framework for Evaluating Clinical Semantics in Text-to-Image Generation
Cronshaw, Robert
Vilouras, Konstantinos
Yan, Junyu
Du, Yuning
Chen, Feng
McDonagh, Steven
Tsaftaris, Sotirios A.
Artificial Intelligence
Text-to-image generation has been increasingly applied in medical domains for various purposes such as data augmentation and education. Evaluating the quality and clinical reliability of these generated images is essential. However, existing methods mainly assess image realism or diversity, while failing to capture whether the generated images reflect the intended clinical semantics, such as anatomical location and pathology. In this study, we propose the Clinical Semantics Evaluator (CSEval), a framework that leverages language models to assess clinical semantic alignment between the generated images and their conditioning prompts. Our experiments show that CSEval identifies semantic inconsistencies overlooked by other metrics and correlates with expert judgment. CSEval provides a scalable and clinically meaningful complement to existing evaluation methods, supporting the safe adoption of generative models in healthcare.
title CSEval: A Framework for Evaluating Clinical Semantics in Text-to-Image Generation
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.12004