The Wandering Supermassive Black Hole Powering the off-nuclear TDE AT2024tvd
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Guolo, M. Mummery, A. van Velzen, S. Nicholl, M. Gezari, S. Yao, Y. Chambers, K. C. de Boer, T. Huber, M. E. Lin, C. -C. Lowe, T. B. Magnier, E. A. Paek, G. Wainscoat, R. |
| author_facet | Guolo, M. Mummery, A. van Velzen, S. Nicholl, M. Gezari, S. Yao, Y. Chambers, K. C. de Boer, T. Huber, M. E. Lin, C. -C. Lowe, T. B. Magnier, E. A. Paek, G. Wainscoat, R. |
| contents | We present an analysis of the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the off-nuclear tidal disruption event (TDE) AT2024tvd during its late-time plateau phase, combining X-ray spectra and UV/optical photometry. Using a fully relativistic, compact accretion disk model with self-consistent inner-disk Comptonization, we reproduce the observed SED without significant residuals. The inferred black hole mass ${\rm log}{10}(M{\bullet}/M_\odot) \approx 6.0 \pm 0.2$, and the inferred disk parameters place AT2024tvd within known TDE-disk scaling relations ($L_{\rm bol}^{\rm disk}/L_{\rm Edd} \propto T_{\rm p}^4 \propto M_{\bullet}^{-1}$, $L_{\rm plat} \propto M_{\bullet}^{2/3}$, $R_{\rm out}/r_{\rm g} \propto M_{\bullet}^{-2/3}$). Our results show that: (i) there is no \textit{detected} star cluster or dwarf galaxy associated with the source, down to a mass limit of $\log_{10}(M_{\rm gal}/M_{\odot}) \leq 7.6$; (ii) the black hole is a wandering supermassive, rather than intermediate-mass, black hole; and (iii) the source represents an extreme case of black hole-to-host mass ratio, with $M_{\bullet}/M_{\rm gal} > 3\%$, consistent with a heavily tidally stripped nucleus. The latter aligns with cosmological simulations predicting that surviving host remnants of most wandering black holes should not retain a detectable stellar overdensity when located at small halo-centric distances. We discuss differences with previous analyses of this source and highlight why our modeling approach provides a more physically consistent solution with more reliable parameter inference. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_12272 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | The Wandering Supermassive Black Hole Powering the off-nuclear TDE AT2024tvd Guolo, M. Mummery, A. van Velzen, S. Nicholl, M. Gezari, S. Yao, Y. Chambers, K. C. de Boer, T. Huber, M. E. Lin, C. -C. Lowe, T. B. Magnier, E. A. Paek, G. Wainscoat, R. High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena We present an analysis of the spectral energy distribution (SED) of the off-nuclear tidal disruption event (TDE) AT2024tvd during its late-time plateau phase, combining X-ray spectra and UV/optical photometry. Using a fully relativistic, compact accretion disk model with self-consistent inner-disk Comptonization, we reproduce the observed SED without significant residuals. The inferred black hole mass ${\rm log}{10}(M{\bullet}/M_\odot) \approx 6.0 \pm 0.2$, and the inferred disk parameters place AT2024tvd within known TDE-disk scaling relations ($L_{\rm bol}^{\rm disk}/L_{\rm Edd} \propto T_{\rm p}^4 \propto M_{\bullet}^{-1}$, $L_{\rm plat} \propto M_{\bullet}^{2/3}$, $R_{\rm out}/r_{\rm g} \propto M_{\bullet}^{-2/3}$). Our results show that: (i) there is no \textit{detected} star cluster or dwarf galaxy associated with the source, down to a mass limit of $\log_{10}(M_{\rm gal}/M_{\odot}) \leq 7.6$; (ii) the black hole is a wandering supermassive, rather than intermediate-mass, black hole; and (iii) the source represents an extreme case of black hole-to-host mass ratio, with $M_{\bullet}/M_{\rm gal} > 3\%$, consistent with a heavily tidally stripped nucleus. The latter aligns with cosmological simulations predicting that surviving host remnants of most wandering black holes should not retain a detectable stellar overdensity when located at small halo-centric distances. We discuss differences with previous analyses of this source and highlight why our modeling approach provides a more physically consistent solution with more reliable parameter inference. |
| title | The Wandering Supermassive Black Hole Powering the off-nuclear TDE AT2024tvd |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.12272 |