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Main Authors: Almada, Ayrton, Pagnier, Laurent, Goldshtein, Igal, Kazi, Saif R., Michael, Chertkov
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.12293
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author Almada, Ayrton
Pagnier, Laurent
Goldshtein, Igal
Kazi, Saif R.
Michael
Chertkov
author_facet Almada, Ayrton
Pagnier, Laurent
Goldshtein, Igal
Kazi, Saif R.
Michael
Chertkov
contents Power system operators routinely perform N-1 contingency analysis, yet conventional tools provide limited guidance on which lines or transformers deserve heightened attention during fast post-fault transients. In particular, static screening does not reveal whether (1) the same faulted line repeatedly triggers severe downstream overloads, or (2) a specific transformer emerges as vulnerable across many distinct fault scenarios. This paper introduces a real-time dynamic N-1 screening framework that addresses this gap by estimating, for each counterfactual single-phase transmission fault, the probability of transient overcurrent on critical grid elements. The output is an operator-facing dashboard that ranks (a) faulted lines whose outages most frequently lead to dangerous transformer overloads, and (b) transformers that consistently overload across top-risk scenarios, both of which are actionable indicators for real-time situational awareness. The approach models post-fault electromechanical dynamics using a linear stochastic formulation of the swing equations with short-lived, fault-localized uncertainty, and combines analytic transient evaluation with cross-entropy based importance sampling to efficiently estimate rare but high-impact events. All N-1 contingencies are evaluated in parallel with linear computational complexity. The framework is demonstrated on the IEEE 118-bus system, where it reveals latent high-risk lines and transformers that remain invisible under deterministic dynamic or static N-1 analysis. Results show orders-of-magnitude computational speedup relative to brute-force Monte Carlo, enabling practical deployment within real-time operational cycles.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_12293
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Real-Time Dynamic N-1 Screening: Identifying High-Risk Lines and Transformers After Common Faults
Almada, Ayrton
Pagnier, Laurent
Goldshtein, Igal
Kazi, Saif R.
Michael
Chertkov
Optimization and Control
Systems and Control
Power system operators routinely perform N-1 contingency analysis, yet conventional tools provide limited guidance on which lines or transformers deserve heightened attention during fast post-fault transients. In particular, static screening does not reveal whether (1) the same faulted line repeatedly triggers severe downstream overloads, or (2) a specific transformer emerges as vulnerable across many distinct fault scenarios. This paper introduces a real-time dynamic N-1 screening framework that addresses this gap by estimating, for each counterfactual single-phase transmission fault, the probability of transient overcurrent on critical grid elements. The output is an operator-facing dashboard that ranks (a) faulted lines whose outages most frequently lead to dangerous transformer overloads, and (b) transformers that consistently overload across top-risk scenarios, both of which are actionable indicators for real-time situational awareness. The approach models post-fault electromechanical dynamics using a linear stochastic formulation of the swing equations with short-lived, fault-localized uncertainty, and combines analytic transient evaluation with cross-entropy based importance sampling to efficiently estimate rare but high-impact events. All N-1 contingencies are evaluated in parallel with linear computational complexity. The framework is demonstrated on the IEEE 118-bus system, where it reveals latent high-risk lines and transformers that remain invisible under deterministic dynamic or static N-1 analysis. Results show orders-of-magnitude computational speedup relative to brute-force Monte Carlo, enabling practical deployment within real-time operational cycles.
title Real-Time Dynamic N-1 Screening: Identifying High-Risk Lines and Transformers After Common Faults
topic Optimization and Control
Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.12293