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Main Authors: Baser, Oguzhan, Sadeghi, Elahe, Wang, Eric, Alves, David Ribeiro, Kazemian, Sam, Kang, Hong, Chinchali, Sandeep P., Vishwanath, Sriram
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.12630
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author Baser, Oguzhan
Sadeghi, Elahe
Wang, Eric
Alves, David Ribeiro
Kazemian, Sam
Kang, Hong
Chinchali, Sandeep P.
Vishwanath, Sriram
author_facet Baser, Oguzhan
Sadeghi, Elahe
Wang, Eric
Alves, David Ribeiro
Kazemian, Sam
Kang, Hong
Chinchali, Sandeep P.
Vishwanath, Sriram
contents Most large language models (LLMs) run on external clouds: users send a prompt, pay for inference, and must trust that the remote GPU executes the LLM without any adversarial tampering. We critically ask how to achieve verifiable LLM inference, where a prover (the service) must convince a verifier (the client) that an inference was run correctly without rerunning the LLM. Existing cryptographic works are too slow at the LLM scale, while non-cryptographic ones require a strong verifier GPU. We propose TensorCommitments (TCs), a tensor-native proof-of-inference scheme. TC binds the LLM inference to a commitment, an irreversible tag that breaks under tampering, organized in our multivariate Terkle Trees. For LLaMA2, TC adds only 0.97% prover and 0.12% verifier time over inference while improving robustness to tailored LLM attacks by up to 48% over the best prior work requiring a verifier GPU.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_12630
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle TensorCommitments: A Lightweight Verifiable Inference for Language Models
Baser, Oguzhan
Sadeghi, Elahe
Wang, Eric
Alves, David Ribeiro
Kazemian, Sam
Kang, Hong
Chinchali, Sandeep P.
Vishwanath, Sriram
Cryptography and Security
Artificial Intelligence
Most large language models (LLMs) run on external clouds: users send a prompt, pay for inference, and must trust that the remote GPU executes the LLM without any adversarial tampering. We critically ask how to achieve verifiable LLM inference, where a prover (the service) must convince a verifier (the client) that an inference was run correctly without rerunning the LLM. Existing cryptographic works are too slow at the LLM scale, while non-cryptographic ones require a strong verifier GPU. We propose TensorCommitments (TCs), a tensor-native proof-of-inference scheme. TC binds the LLM inference to a commitment, an irreversible tag that breaks under tampering, organized in our multivariate Terkle Trees. For LLaMA2, TC adds only 0.97% prover and 0.12% verifier time over inference while improving robustness to tailored LLM attacks by up to 48% over the best prior work requiring a verifier GPU.
title TensorCommitments: A Lightweight Verifiable Inference for Language Models
topic Cryptography and Security
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.12630