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Main Authors: Abalos, Fernando, Hilditch, David
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.13223
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author Abalos, Fernando
Hilditch, David
author_facet Abalos, Fernando
Hilditch, David
contents We introduce a definition of strong hyperbolicity for second order partial differential equations using second order pencils. We show that this definition is equivalent to the standard one, derived by reducing the equations to first order form, but with the benefit of simplifying the calculations necessary to check hyperbolicity. In addition, we observe an interesting property, namely that when a system is strongly hyperbolic, its second order pencil can be factorized as a product of two diagonalizable first order pencils. Finally, we present an application to a vector potential for of Maxwell's equations, with a general extension and gauge fixing.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_13223
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Strong Hyperbolicity of Second-Order PDEs via Matrix Pencils
Abalos, Fernando
Hilditch, David
Analysis of PDEs
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Mathematical Physics
83C05, 35L15, 35Q75, 35Q61, 15A22
We introduce a definition of strong hyperbolicity for second order partial differential equations using second order pencils. We show that this definition is equivalent to the standard one, derived by reducing the equations to first order form, but with the benefit of simplifying the calculations necessary to check hyperbolicity. In addition, we observe an interesting property, namely that when a system is strongly hyperbolic, its second order pencil can be factorized as a product of two diagonalizable first order pencils. Finally, we present an application to a vector potential for of Maxwell's equations, with a general extension and gauge fixing.
title Strong Hyperbolicity of Second-Order PDEs via Matrix Pencils
topic Analysis of PDEs
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
Mathematical Physics
83C05, 35L15, 35Q75, 35Q61, 15A22
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.13223