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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| Online-Zugang: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.13991 |
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| _version_ | 1866911449631162368 |
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| author | Han, Shuochong Li, Ang |
| author_facet | Han, Shuochong Li, Ang |
| contents | We perform a comprehensive Bayesian analyses of Au + Au collision data at 1.23 GeV/nucleon using an isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model that incorporates a momentum-dependent mean field and medium-modified baryon-baryon cross sections. The model parameters are calibrated to empirical properties of nuclear matter at saturation density, with particular attention to variations in the incompressibility $K_0$. Within a Bayesian statistical framework and using a Gaussian Process emulator, we simultaneously extract constraints on the incompressibility $K_0$ and the in-medium baryon-baryon scattering modification factor $X$ by systematically comparing model predictions with HADES measurements of proton collective flow, including the slopes ($F_1$ and $F_3$) of directed and triangular flow, as well as elliptic ($v_2$) and quadrupole ($v_4$) flow observables. We find that the extracted incompressibility favors relatively small values, indicating a soft nuclear equation of state, while the inferred average $X$ values fall at $0.9$-$1.0$, suggesting mild suppression of baryon-baryon cross sections in the medium. Furthermore, we demonstrate that transport models employing momentum-independent mean fields require stiffer equations of state and stronger in-medium corrections to reproduce the same observables. These results highlight the critical role of momentum dependence in the mean field and its interplay with in-medium scattering in constraining the properties of dense nuclear matter from heavy-ion collisions. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_13991 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Bayesian Analyses of Proton Multiple Flow Components in Intermediate Heavy Ion Collisions with Momentum-Dependent Interactions Han, Shuochong Li, Ang Nuclear Theory We perform a comprehensive Bayesian analyses of Au + Au collision data at 1.23 GeV/nucleon using an isospin-dependent Boltzmann-Uehling-Uhlenbeck transport model that incorporates a momentum-dependent mean field and medium-modified baryon-baryon cross sections. The model parameters are calibrated to empirical properties of nuclear matter at saturation density, with particular attention to variations in the incompressibility $K_0$. Within a Bayesian statistical framework and using a Gaussian Process emulator, we simultaneously extract constraints on the incompressibility $K_0$ and the in-medium baryon-baryon scattering modification factor $X$ by systematically comparing model predictions with HADES measurements of proton collective flow, including the slopes ($F_1$ and $F_3$) of directed and triangular flow, as well as elliptic ($v_2$) and quadrupole ($v_4$) flow observables. We find that the extracted incompressibility favors relatively small values, indicating a soft nuclear equation of state, while the inferred average $X$ values fall at $0.9$-$1.0$, suggesting mild suppression of baryon-baryon cross sections in the medium. Furthermore, we demonstrate that transport models employing momentum-independent mean fields require stiffer equations of state and stronger in-medium corrections to reproduce the same observables. These results highlight the critical role of momentum dependence in the mean field and its interplay with in-medium scattering in constraining the properties of dense nuclear matter from heavy-ion collisions. |
| title | Bayesian Analyses of Proton Multiple Flow Components in Intermediate Heavy Ion Collisions with Momentum-Dependent Interactions |
| topic | Nuclear Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.13991 |