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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Published: |
2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.14164 |
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| _version_ | 1866918339745415168 |
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| author | Shi, Chao Lu, Liming Cloët, Ian Jia, Wenbao Tandy, Peter |
| author_facet | Shi, Chao Lu, Liming Cloët, Ian Jia, Wenbao Tandy, Peter |
| contents | We present the first rainbow-ladder Dyson-Schwinger equations study of the pion's chiral-odd, twist-3 parton distribution $e_{\rm q}(x)$. By deriving a novel Dyson-Schwinger equation for the pion's quark-quark correlation matrix, we simultaneously extract from it both the unpolarized twist-2 parton distribution function $f_{\rm q}(x)$ and the twist-3 distribution $e_{\rm q}(x)$. Our results show that chiral symmetry strongly suppresses the twist-2 component of $e_{\rm q}(x)$, leaving the genuine twist-3 quark-gluon component dominant and featuring a node. We therefore argue that the genuine twist-3 term can make a substantial contribution to hadronic $e(x)$, producing a nonmonotonic structure that is a clear imprint of intrinsic quark-gluon correlations. We point out that the existence of a hump-like feature is compatible with, although not uniquely indicated by, recent proton extractions and awaits more precise determination. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_14164 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | An imprint of intrinsic quark--gluon correlations: a nonmonotonic feature in $e(x)$ Shi, Chao Lu, Liming Cloët, Ian Jia, Wenbao Tandy, Peter High Energy Physics - Phenomenology We present the first rainbow-ladder Dyson-Schwinger equations study of the pion's chiral-odd, twist-3 parton distribution $e_{\rm q}(x)$. By deriving a novel Dyson-Schwinger equation for the pion's quark-quark correlation matrix, we simultaneously extract from it both the unpolarized twist-2 parton distribution function $f_{\rm q}(x)$ and the twist-3 distribution $e_{\rm q}(x)$. Our results show that chiral symmetry strongly suppresses the twist-2 component of $e_{\rm q}(x)$, leaving the genuine twist-3 quark-gluon component dominant and featuring a node. We therefore argue that the genuine twist-3 term can make a substantial contribution to hadronic $e(x)$, producing a nonmonotonic structure that is a clear imprint of intrinsic quark-gluon correlations. We point out that the existence of a hump-like feature is compatible with, although not uniquely indicated by, recent proton extractions and awaits more precise determination. |
| title | An imprint of intrinsic quark--gluon correlations: a nonmonotonic feature in $e(x)$ |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Phenomenology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.14164 |