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Main Authors: Shi, Chao, Lu, Liming, Cloët, Ian, Jia, Wenbao, Tandy, Peter
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.14164
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author Shi, Chao
Lu, Liming
Cloët, Ian
Jia, Wenbao
Tandy, Peter
author_facet Shi, Chao
Lu, Liming
Cloët, Ian
Jia, Wenbao
Tandy, Peter
contents We present the first rainbow-ladder Dyson-Schwinger equations study of the pion's chiral-odd, twist-3 parton distribution $e_{\rm q}(x)$. By deriving a novel Dyson-Schwinger equation for the pion's quark-quark correlation matrix, we simultaneously extract from it both the unpolarized twist-2 parton distribution function $f_{\rm q}(x)$ and the twist-3 distribution $e_{\rm q}(x)$. Our results show that chiral symmetry strongly suppresses the twist-2 component of $e_{\rm q}(x)$, leaving the genuine twist-3 quark-gluon component dominant and featuring a node. We therefore argue that the genuine twist-3 term can make a substantial contribution to hadronic $e(x)$, producing a nonmonotonic structure that is a clear imprint of intrinsic quark-gluon correlations. We point out that the existence of a hump-like feature is compatible with, although not uniquely indicated by, recent proton extractions and awaits more precise determination.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_14164
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle An imprint of intrinsic quark--gluon correlations: a nonmonotonic feature in $e(x)$
Shi, Chao
Lu, Liming
Cloët, Ian
Jia, Wenbao
Tandy, Peter
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
We present the first rainbow-ladder Dyson-Schwinger equations study of the pion's chiral-odd, twist-3 parton distribution $e_{\rm q}(x)$. By deriving a novel Dyson-Schwinger equation for the pion's quark-quark correlation matrix, we simultaneously extract from it both the unpolarized twist-2 parton distribution function $f_{\rm q}(x)$ and the twist-3 distribution $e_{\rm q}(x)$. Our results show that chiral symmetry strongly suppresses the twist-2 component of $e_{\rm q}(x)$, leaving the genuine twist-3 quark-gluon component dominant and featuring a node. We therefore argue that the genuine twist-3 term can make a substantial contribution to hadronic $e(x)$, producing a nonmonotonic structure that is a clear imprint of intrinsic quark-gluon correlations. We point out that the existence of a hump-like feature is compatible with, although not uniquely indicated by, recent proton extractions and awaits more precise determination.
title An imprint of intrinsic quark--gluon correlations: a nonmonotonic feature in $e(x)$
topic High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.14164