Explainable Interictal Epileptiform Discharge Detection Method Based on Scalp EEG and Retrieval-Augmented Generation

Fuente: arXiv
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Auteurs principaux: Zhu, Yu, Guo, Jiayang, Jiang, Jun, Gu, Peipei, Shu, Xin, Chen, Duo
Format: Preprint
Publié: 2026
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author Zhu, Yu
Guo, Jiayang
Jiang, Jun
Gu, Peipei
Shu, Xin
Chen, Duo
author_facet Zhu, Yu
Guo, Jiayang
Jiang, Jun
Gu, Peipei
Shu, Xin
Chen, Duo
contents The detection of interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) is crucial for the diagnosis of epilepsy, but automated methods often lack interpretability. This study proposes IED-RAG, an explainable multimodal framework for joint IED detection and report generation. Our approach employs a dual-encoder to extract electrophysiological and semantic features, aligned via contrastive learning in a shared EEG-text embedding space. During inference, clinically relevant EEG-text pairs are retrieved from a vector database as explicit evidence to condition a large language model (LLM) for the generation of evidence-based reports. Evaluated on a private dataset from Wuhan Children's Hospital and the public TUH EEG Events Corpus (TUEV), the framework achieved balanced accuracies of 89.17\% and 71.38\%, with BLEU scores of 89.61\% and 64.14\%, respectively. The results demonstrate that retrieval of explicit evidence enhances both diagnostic performance and clinical interpretability compared to standard black-box methods.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_14170
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Explainable Interictal Epileptiform Discharge Detection Method Based on Scalp EEG and Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Zhu, Yu
Guo, Jiayang
Jiang, Jun
Gu, Peipei
Shu, Xin
Chen, Duo
Signal Processing
The detection of interictal epileptiform discharge (IED) is crucial for the diagnosis of epilepsy, but automated methods often lack interpretability. This study proposes IED-RAG, an explainable multimodal framework for joint IED detection and report generation. Our approach employs a dual-encoder to extract electrophysiological and semantic features, aligned via contrastive learning in a shared EEG-text embedding space. During inference, clinically relevant EEG-text pairs are retrieved from a vector database as explicit evidence to condition a large language model (LLM) for the generation of evidence-based reports. Evaluated on a private dataset from Wuhan Children's Hospital and the public TUH EEG Events Corpus (TUEV), the framework achieved balanced accuracies of 89.17\% and 71.38\%, with BLEU scores of 89.61\% and 64.14\%, respectively. The results demonstrate that retrieval of explicit evidence enhances both diagnostic performance and clinical interpretability compared to standard black-box methods.
title Explainable Interictal Epileptiform Discharge Detection Method Based on Scalp EEG and Retrieval-Augmented Generation
topic Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.14170