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Autores principales: Silva, Luís, Gonçalves, Diogo, Farinha, Catarina, Matos, Clara, Ungaro, Luís
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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Acceso en línea:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.14643
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author Silva, Luís
Gonçalves, Diogo
Farinha, Catarina
Matos, Clara
Ungaro, Luís
author_facet Silva, Luís
Gonçalves, Diogo
Farinha, Catarina
Matos, Clara
Ungaro, Luís
contents Large language models struggle to maintain strict adherence to structured workflows in high-stakes domains such as healthcare triage. Monolithic approaches that encode entire decision structures within a single prompt are prone to instruction-following degradation as prompt length increases, including lost-in-the-middle effects and context window overflow. To address this gap, we present Arbor, a framework that decomposes decision tree navigation into specialized, node-level tasks. Decision trees are standardized into an edge-list representation and stored for dynamic retrieval. At runtime, a directed acyclic graph (DAG)-based orchestration mechanism iteratively retrieves only the outgoing edges of the current node, evaluates valid transitions via a dedicated LLM call, and delegates response generation to a separate inference step. The framework is agnostic to the underlying decision logic and model provider. Evaluated against single-prompt baselines across 10 foundation models using annotated turns from real clinical triage conversations. Arbor improves mean turn accuracy by 29.4 percentage points, reduces per-turn latency by 57.1%, and achieves an average 14.4x reduction in per-turn cost. These results indicate that architectural decomposition reduces dependence on intrinsic model capability, enabling smaller models to match or exceed larger models operating under single-prompt baselines.
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publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Arbor: A Framework for Reliable Navigation of Critical Conversation Flows
Silva, Luís
Gonçalves, Diogo
Farinha, Catarina
Matos, Clara
Ungaro, Luís
Artificial Intelligence
Large language models struggle to maintain strict adherence to structured workflows in high-stakes domains such as healthcare triage. Monolithic approaches that encode entire decision structures within a single prompt are prone to instruction-following degradation as prompt length increases, including lost-in-the-middle effects and context window overflow. To address this gap, we present Arbor, a framework that decomposes decision tree navigation into specialized, node-level tasks. Decision trees are standardized into an edge-list representation and stored for dynamic retrieval. At runtime, a directed acyclic graph (DAG)-based orchestration mechanism iteratively retrieves only the outgoing edges of the current node, evaluates valid transitions via a dedicated LLM call, and delegates response generation to a separate inference step. The framework is agnostic to the underlying decision logic and model provider. Evaluated against single-prompt baselines across 10 foundation models using annotated turns from real clinical triage conversations. Arbor improves mean turn accuracy by 29.4 percentage points, reduces per-turn latency by 57.1%, and achieves an average 14.4x reduction in per-turn cost. These results indicate that architectural decomposition reduces dependence on intrinsic model capability, enabling smaller models to match or exceed larger models operating under single-prompt baselines.
title Arbor: A Framework for Reliable Navigation of Critical Conversation Flows
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.14643