Understanding the Quantized Angular Momentum of Rotating Q-balls

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: DeVries, Benjamin, Vassallo, Fabrizio, Verhaaren, Christopher B.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author DeVries, Benjamin
Vassallo, Fabrizio
Verhaaren, Christopher B.
author_facet DeVries, Benjamin
Vassallo, Fabrizio
Verhaaren, Christopher B.
contents Non-topological solitons, such as Q-balls, may contribute to the cosmological dark matter. The formation and evolution of Q-balls in the early universe requires an understanding of solitons with nonzero angular momentum. We derive (rather than assume) the schematic form of the scalar field configurations that produce rotating Q-balls, which produce their well known quantized angular momentum. This analysis leads to additional insight into the properties of these rotating solitons, including a method for computing their characteristic angular velocity. By considering rotating solitons in two spatial dimensions, we investigate these attributes concretely. We develop analytical approximations for the solitons and their defining quantities. We show that they agree with numerical results and exhibit the general properties of rotating solitons.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_15196
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Understanding the Quantized Angular Momentum of Rotating Q-balls
DeVries, Benjamin
Vassallo, Fabrizio
Verhaaren, Christopher B.
High Energy Physics - Theory
Non-topological solitons, such as Q-balls, may contribute to the cosmological dark matter. The formation and evolution of Q-balls in the early universe requires an understanding of solitons with nonzero angular momentum. We derive (rather than assume) the schematic form of the scalar field configurations that produce rotating Q-balls, which produce their well known quantized angular momentum. This analysis leads to additional insight into the properties of these rotating solitons, including a method for computing their characteristic angular velocity. By considering rotating solitons in two spatial dimensions, we investigate these attributes concretely. We develop analytical approximations for the solitons and their defining quantities. We show that they agree with numerical results and exhibit the general properties of rotating solitons.
title Understanding the Quantized Angular Momentum of Rotating Q-balls
topic High Energy Physics - Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.15196