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Main Authors: da Fonseca, Vitor, Barros, Bruno J., Barreiro, Tiago, Nunes, Nelson J.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.15498
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author da Fonseca, Vitor
Barros, Bruno J.
Barreiro, Tiago
Nunes, Nelson J.
author_facet da Fonseca, Vitor
Barros, Bruno J.
Barreiro, Tiago
Nunes, Nelson J.
contents A hybrid three-form model of dark energy is developed in order to identify scaling solutions, a long-sought feature in three-form cosmology. Exploiting Hodge dualities, the theory is formulated in terms of two scalar functions that are associated with the conjugate momentum, and the three-form dual vector in an isotropic background. The resulting Lagrangian yields a stable scaling attractor where the three-form energy density tracks the dominant background fluid. A dynamical mechanism is also identified that naturally drives the system out of this regime toward a late-time accelerated phase distinguishable from a cosmological constant. This constitutes the first realization of scaling behavior within a three-form dark energy framework.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_15498
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Scaling solutions in three-form cosmology
da Fonseca, Vitor
Barros, Bruno J.
Barreiro, Tiago
Nunes, Nelson J.
Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
A hybrid three-form model of dark energy is developed in order to identify scaling solutions, a long-sought feature in three-form cosmology. Exploiting Hodge dualities, the theory is formulated in terms of two scalar functions that are associated with the conjugate momentum, and the three-form dual vector in an isotropic background. The resulting Lagrangian yields a stable scaling attractor where the three-form energy density tracks the dominant background fluid. A dynamical mechanism is also identified that naturally drives the system out of this regime toward a late-time accelerated phase distinguishable from a cosmological constant. This constitutes the first realization of scaling behavior within a three-form dark energy framework.
title Scaling solutions in three-form cosmology
topic Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.15498