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The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: VII. Third Data Release

Fuente: arXiv

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Main Authors:	Shimwell, T. W., Hardcastle, M. J., Tasse, C., Drabent, A., Botteon, A., Williams, W. L., Best, P. N., Röttgering, H. J. A., Brüggen, M., Brunetti, G., Callingham, J. R., Chyży, K. T., Conway, J. E., De Gasperin, F., Haverkorn, M., Horellou, C., Jackson, N., Miley, G. K., Morabito, L. K., Morganti, R., O'Sullivan, S. P., Schwarz, D. J., Smith, D. J. B., van Weeren, R. J., Vedantham, H. K., White, G. J., Ahmadi, A., Alegre, L., Arias, M., Asabere, B., Bahr-Kalus, B., Barkus, B., Bilicki, M., Böhme, L., Brentjens, M., Brienza, M., Bomans, D. J., Bonafede, A., Bonato, M., Bonnassieux, E., Boxelaar, J. M., Camera, S., Cassano, R., Chilufya, J., Cianfaglione, M., Croston, J. H., Cuciti, V., Dabhade, P., De Rubeis, E., de Jong, J. M. G. H. J., Dallacasa, D., Dettmar, R. J., Duncan, K. J., Di Gennaro, G., Edler, H. W., Groeneveld, C., Gürkan, G., Hajduk, M., Hale, C. L., Heesen, V., Hoang, D. N., Hoeft, M., Holties, H., Horton, M. A., Iacobelli, M., Jamrozy, M., Jarvis, M. J., Jelic, V., Kadler, M., Kondapally, R., Kunert-Bajraszewska, M., Loose, M., Magliocchetti, M., Małek, K., Manzano, C., McKean, J. P., Mevius, M., Mingo, B., Miskolczi, A., Misra, A., Moldón, J., Nair, D. G., Nakoneczny, S. J., Orru, E., Pashapour-Ahmadabadi, M., Pasini, T., Petley, J., Pierce, J. C. S., Prandoni, I., Rafferty, D., Rajpurohit, K., Riseley, C. J., Roberts, I. D., Sethi, S., Shulevski, A., Stein, M., Stuardi, C., Sweijen, F., ter Veen, S., Timmerman, R., Vaccari, M., Wijnholds, S.
Format:	Preprint
Published:	2026
Subjects:	Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Online Access:	Acceder al recurso
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author	Shimwell, T. W. Hardcastle, M. J. Tasse, C. Drabent, A. Botteon, A. Williams, W. L. Best, P. N. Röttgering, H. J. A. Brüggen, M. Brunetti, G. Callingham, J. R. Chyży, K. T. Conway, J. E. De Gasperin, F. Haverkorn, M. Horellou, C. Jackson, N. Miley, G. K. Morabito, L. K. Morganti, R. O'Sullivan, S. P. Schwarz, D. J. Smith, D. J. B. van Weeren, R. J. Vedantham, H. K. White, G. J. Ahmadi, A. Alegre, L. Arias, M. Asabere, B. Bahr-Kalus, B. Barkus, B. Bilicki, M. Böhme, L. Brentjens, M. Brienza, M. Bomans, D. J. Bonafede, A. Bonato, M. Bonnassieux, E. Boxelaar, J. M. Camera, S. Cassano, R. Chilufya, J. Cianfaglione, M. Croston, J. H. Cuciti, V. Dabhade, P. De Rubeis, E. de Jong, J. M. G. H. J. Dallacasa, D. Dettmar, R. J. Duncan, K. J. Di Gennaro, G. Edler, H. W. Groeneveld, C. Gürkan, G. Hajduk, M. Hale, C. L. Heesen, V. Hoang, D. N. Hoeft, M. Holties, H. Horton, M. A. Iacobelli, M. Jamrozy, M. Jarvis, M. J. Jelic, V. Kadler, M. Kondapally, R. Kunert-Bajraszewska, M. Loose, M. Magliocchetti, M. Małek, K. Manzano, C. McKean, J. P. Mevius, M. Mingo, B. Miskolczi, A. Misra, A. Moldón, J. Nair, D. G. Nakoneczny, S. J. Orru, E. Pashapour-Ahmadabadi, M. Pasini, T. Petley, J. Pierce, J. C. S. Prandoni, I. Rafferty, D. Rajpurohit, K. Riseley, C. J. Roberts, I. D. Sethi, S. Shulevski, A. Stein, M. Stuardi, C. Sweijen, F. ter Veen, S. Timmerman, R. Vaccari, M. Wijnholds, S.
author_facet	Shimwell, T. W. Hardcastle, M. J. Tasse, C. Drabent, A. Botteon, A. Williams, W. L. Best, P. N. Röttgering, H. J. A. Brüggen, M. Brunetti, G. Callingham, J. R. Chyży, K. T. Conway, J. E. De Gasperin, F. Haverkorn, M. Horellou, C. Jackson, N. Miley, G. K. Morabito, L. K. Morganti, R. O'Sullivan, S. P. Schwarz, D. J. Smith, D. J. B. van Weeren, R. J. Vedantham, H. K. White, G. J. Ahmadi, A. Alegre, L. Arias, M. Asabere, B. Bahr-Kalus, B. Barkus, B. Bilicki, M. Böhme, L. Brentjens, M. Brienza, M. Bomans, D. J. Bonafede, A. Bonato, M. Bonnassieux, E. Boxelaar, J. M. Camera, S. Cassano, R. Chilufya, J. Cianfaglione, M. Croston, J. H. Cuciti, V. Dabhade, P. De Rubeis, E. de Jong, J. M. G. H. J. Dallacasa, D. Dettmar, R. J. Duncan, K. J. Di Gennaro, G. Edler, H. W. Groeneveld, C. Gürkan, G. Hajduk, M. Hale, C. L. Heesen, V. Hoang, D. N. Hoeft, M. Holties, H. Horton, M. A. Iacobelli, M. Jamrozy, M. Jarvis, M. J. Jelic, V. Kadler, M. Kondapally, R. Kunert-Bajraszewska, M. Loose, M. Magliocchetti, M. Małek, K. Manzano, C. McKean, J. P. Mevius, M. Mingo, B. Miskolczi, A. Misra, A. Moldón, J. Nair, D. G. Nakoneczny, S. J. Orru, E. Pashapour-Ahmadabadi, M. Pasini, T. Petley, J. Pierce, J. C. S. Prandoni, I. Rafferty, D. Rajpurohit, K. Riseley, C. J. Roberts, I. D. Sethi, S. Shulevski, A. Stein, M. Stuardi, C. Sweijen, F. ter Veen, S. Timmerman, R. Vaccari, M. Wijnholds, S.
contents	We present the third data release of the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS-DR3). The survey images cover 88% of the northern sky and were created from 12,950 hrs of data (18.6 PB) accumulated over 10.5 years. The images were produced through direction-independent and direction-dependent calibration pipelines that correct for instrumental effects as well as spatially and temporally varying ionospheric distortions. In our 120-168 MHz continuum mosaic images with an angular resolution of 6 arcsec (9 arcsec below declination 10$^\circ$) we catalogue 13,667,877 sources, formed from 16,943,656 Gaussian components. The scatter in the astrometric precision approximately follows the expected noise-like behaviour but with an additional systematic component of at least 0.24 arcsec that is likely due to calibration imperfections. The random flux density scale error is 6%, while the systematic offset was previously shown to be within 2%. The median sensitivity of our mosaics is 92$μ$Jy beam$^{-1}$. Completeness simulations, accounting for realistic source models, time- and bandwidth-smearing effects, and astrometric errors, indicate that we detect more than 95% of compact sources with integrated flux densities exceeding 9 times the local root mean square (RMS) noise. However, the recovered source counts in a particular integrated flux density bin do not match the injected counts until flux densities exceed 45 times the local RMS noise. The Euclidean-normalised differential source counts derived from the survey constrain the radio source population over five orders of magnitude and are in good agreement with previous deep and wide-area surveys. All data products are publicly available, including catalogues, individual-field Stokes I, Q, U, and V images, mosaicked Stokes I images, and $uv$ data with associated direction-dependent calibration solutions.
format	Preprint
id	arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_15949
institution	arXiv
publishDate	2026
record_format	arxiv
spellingShingle	The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: VII. Third Data Release Shimwell, T. W. Hardcastle, M. J. Tasse, C. Drabent, A. Botteon, A. Williams, W. L. Best, P. N. Röttgering, H. J. A. Brüggen, M. Brunetti, G. Callingham, J. R. Chyży, K. T. Conway, J. E. De Gasperin, F. Haverkorn, M. Horellou, C. Jackson, N. Miley, G. K. Morabito, L. K. Morganti, R. O'Sullivan, S. P. Schwarz, D. J. Smith, D. J. B. van Weeren, R. J. Vedantham, H. K. White, G. J. Ahmadi, A. Alegre, L. Arias, M. Asabere, B. Bahr-Kalus, B. Barkus, B. Bilicki, M. Böhme, L. Brentjens, M. Brienza, M. Bomans, D. J. Bonafede, A. Bonato, M. Bonnassieux, E. Boxelaar, J. M. Camera, S. Cassano, R. Chilufya, J. Cianfaglione, M. Croston, J. H. Cuciti, V. Dabhade, P. De Rubeis, E. de Jong, J. M. G. H. J. Dallacasa, D. Dettmar, R. J. Duncan, K. J. Di Gennaro, G. Edler, H. W. Groeneveld, C. Gürkan, G. Hajduk, M. Hale, C. L. Heesen, V. Hoang, D. N. Hoeft, M. Holties, H. Horton, M. A. Iacobelli, M. Jamrozy, M. Jarvis, M. J. Jelic, V. Kadler, M. Kondapally, R. Kunert-Bajraszewska, M. Loose, M. Magliocchetti, M. Małek, K. Manzano, C. McKean, J. P. Mevius, M. Mingo, B. Miskolczi, A. Misra, A. Moldón, J. Nair, D. G. Nakoneczny, S. J. Orru, E. Pashapour-Ahmadabadi, M. Pasini, T. Petley, J. Pierce, J. C. S. Prandoni, I. Rafferty, D. Rajpurohit, K. Riseley, C. J. Roberts, I. D. Sethi, S. Shulevski, A. Stein, M. Stuardi, C. Sweijen, F. ter Veen, S. Timmerman, R. Vaccari, M. Wijnholds, S. Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics We present the third data release of the LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey (LoTSS-DR3). The survey images cover 88% of the northern sky and were created from 12,950 hrs of data (18.6 PB) accumulated over 10.5 years. The images were produced through direction-independent and direction-dependent calibration pipelines that correct for instrumental effects as well as spatially and temporally varying ionospheric distortions. In our 120-168 MHz continuum mosaic images with an angular resolution of 6 arcsec (9 arcsec below declination 10$^\circ$) we catalogue 13,667,877 sources, formed from 16,943,656 Gaussian components. The scatter in the astrometric precision approximately follows the expected noise-like behaviour but with an additional systematic component of at least 0.24 arcsec that is likely due to calibration imperfections. The random flux density scale error is 6%, while the systematic offset was previously shown to be within 2%. The median sensitivity of our mosaics is 92$μ$Jy beam$^{-1}$. Completeness simulations, accounting for realistic source models, time- and bandwidth-smearing effects, and astrometric errors, indicate that we detect more than 95% of compact sources with integrated flux densities exceeding 9 times the local root mean square (RMS) noise. However, the recovered source counts in a particular integrated flux density bin do not match the injected counts until flux densities exceed 45 times the local RMS noise. The Euclidean-normalised differential source counts derived from the survey constrain the radio source population over five orders of magnitude and are in good agreement with previous deep and wide-area surveys. All data products are publicly available, including catalogues, individual-field Stokes I, Q, U, and V images, mosaicked Stokes I images, and $uv$ data with associated direction-dependent calibration solutions.
title	The LOFAR Two-metre Sky Survey: VII. Third Data Release
topic	Astrophysics of Galaxies Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
url	https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.15949