Three Saturn-mass Microlensing Planets Identified through Signals from Peripheral-caustic Perturbations
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2026
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| author | Han, Cheongho Lee, Chung-Uk Udalski, Andrzej Bond, Ian A. Albrow, Michael D. Chung, Sun-Ju Gould, Andrew Jung, Youn Kil Hwang, Kyu-Ha Ryu, Yoon-Hyun Shvartzvald, Yossi Shin, In-Gu Yee, Jennifer C. Zang, Weicheng Yang, Hongjing Kim, Doeon Kim, Dong-Jin Cha, Sang-Mok Kim, Seung-Lee Lee, Dong-Joo Lee, Yongseok Park, Byeong-Gon Hong, Kyeongsoo Pogge, Richard W. Mróz, Przemek Szymański, Michał K. Skowron, Jan Poleski, Radosław Soszyński, Igor Pietrukowicz, Paweł Kozłowski, Szymon Rybicki, Krzysztof A. Iwanek, Patryk Ulaczyk, Krzysztof Wrona, Marcin Gromadzki, Mariusz Mróz, Mateusz J. Abe, Fumio Bennett, David P. Bhattacharya, Aparna Hamada, Ryusei Hirao, Yuki Idei, Asahi Silva, Stela Ishitani Makida, Shuma Miyazaki, Shota Muraki, Yasushi Nagai, Tutumi Nagano, Togo Nakayama, Seiya Nishio, Mayu Nunota, Kansuke Ogawa, Ryo Oishi, Ryunosuke Okumoto, Yui Olmschenk, Greg Ranc, Clément Rattenbury, Nicholas J. Satoh, Yuki Sumi, Takahiro Suzuki, Daisuke Tamaoki, Takuto Terry, Sean K. Tristram, Paul J. Vandorou, Aikaterini Yama, Hibiki |
| author_facet | Han, Cheongho Lee, Chung-Uk Udalski, Andrzej Bond, Ian A. Albrow, Michael D. Chung, Sun-Ju Gould, Andrew Jung, Youn Kil Hwang, Kyu-Ha Ryu, Yoon-Hyun Shvartzvald, Yossi Shin, In-Gu Yee, Jennifer C. Zang, Weicheng Yang, Hongjing Kim, Doeon Kim, Dong-Jin Cha, Sang-Mok Kim, Seung-Lee Lee, Dong-Joo Lee, Yongseok Park, Byeong-Gon Hong, Kyeongsoo Pogge, Richard W. Mróz, Przemek Szymański, Michał K. Skowron, Jan Poleski, Radosław Soszyński, Igor Pietrukowicz, Paweł Kozłowski, Szymon Rybicki, Krzysztof A. Iwanek, Patryk Ulaczyk, Krzysztof Wrona, Marcin Gromadzki, Mariusz Mróz, Mateusz J. Abe, Fumio Bennett, David P. Bhattacharya, Aparna Hamada, Ryusei Hirao, Yuki Idei, Asahi Silva, Stela Ishitani Makida, Shuma Miyazaki, Shota Muraki, Yasushi Nagai, Tutumi Nagano, Togo Nakayama, Seiya Nishio, Mayu Nunota, Kansuke Ogawa, Ryo Oishi, Ryunosuke Okumoto, Yui Olmschenk, Greg Ranc, Clément Rattenbury, Nicholas J. Satoh, Yuki Sumi, Takahiro Suzuki, Daisuke Tamaoki, Takuto Terry, Sean K. Tristram, Paul J. Vandorou, Aikaterini Yama, Hibiki |
| contents | We present the discovery and analysis of three microlensing planets identified through brief positive anomalies on the wings of their light curves. The events, KMT-2021-BLG-0852, KMT-2024-BLG-2005, and KMT-2025-BLG-0481, were detected in high-cadence survey data from the KMTNet, OGLE, MOA, and PRIME collaborations. The anomaly morphologies are consistent with major-image perturbations induced by planetary-mass companions located near the peripheral caustic. A systematic exploration of model degeneracies, including binary-source scenarios, higher mass-ratio binary lenses, and the inner--outer caustic degeneracy, firmly establishes the planetary origin of each signal. Measurements of the angular Einstein radius and event timescale, combined with Bayesian priors from a Galactic model, yield the physical parameters of each system. The hosts are low-mass stars (0.12--0.75~$M_\odot$), while the companions are Saturn-mass planets (0.16--0.59 $M_{\rm J}$) projected at separations of 1.1--7.8 au, placing them beyond the snowline of their hosts. These results demonstrate the capability of microlensing to detect and characterize cold giant planets around low-mass stars at kpc distances, populating the critical transition region between ice giants and gas giants. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_16095 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Three Saturn-mass Microlensing Planets Identified through Signals from Peripheral-caustic Perturbations Han, Cheongho Lee, Chung-Uk Udalski, Andrzej Bond, Ian A. Albrow, Michael D. Chung, Sun-Ju Gould, Andrew Jung, Youn Kil Hwang, Kyu-Ha Ryu, Yoon-Hyun Shvartzvald, Yossi Shin, In-Gu Yee, Jennifer C. Zang, Weicheng Yang, Hongjing Kim, Doeon Kim, Dong-Jin Cha, Sang-Mok Kim, Seung-Lee Lee, Dong-Joo Lee, Yongseok Park, Byeong-Gon Hong, Kyeongsoo Pogge, Richard W. Mróz, Przemek Szymański, Michał K. Skowron, Jan Poleski, Radosław Soszyński, Igor Pietrukowicz, Paweł Kozłowski, Szymon Rybicki, Krzysztof A. Iwanek, Patryk Ulaczyk, Krzysztof Wrona, Marcin Gromadzki, Mariusz Mróz, Mateusz J. Abe, Fumio Bennett, David P. Bhattacharya, Aparna Hamada, Ryusei Hirao, Yuki Idei, Asahi Silva, Stela Ishitani Makida, Shuma Miyazaki, Shota Muraki, Yasushi Nagai, Tutumi Nagano, Togo Nakayama, Seiya Nishio, Mayu Nunota, Kansuke Ogawa, Ryo Oishi, Ryunosuke Okumoto, Yui Olmschenk, Greg Ranc, Clément Rattenbury, Nicholas J. Satoh, Yuki Sumi, Takahiro Suzuki, Daisuke Tamaoki, Takuto Terry, Sean K. Tristram, Paul J. Vandorou, Aikaterini Yama, Hibiki Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies We present the discovery and analysis of three microlensing planets identified through brief positive anomalies on the wings of their light curves. The events, KMT-2021-BLG-0852, KMT-2024-BLG-2005, and KMT-2025-BLG-0481, were detected in high-cadence survey data from the KMTNet, OGLE, MOA, and PRIME collaborations. The anomaly morphologies are consistent with major-image perturbations induced by planetary-mass companions located near the peripheral caustic. A systematic exploration of model degeneracies, including binary-source scenarios, higher mass-ratio binary lenses, and the inner--outer caustic degeneracy, firmly establishes the planetary origin of each signal. Measurements of the angular Einstein radius and event timescale, combined with Bayesian priors from a Galactic model, yield the physical parameters of each system. The hosts are low-mass stars (0.12--0.75~$M_\odot$), while the companions are Saturn-mass planets (0.16--0.59 $M_{\rm J}$) projected at separations of 1.1--7.8 au, placing them beyond the snowline of their hosts. These results demonstrate the capability of microlensing to detect and characterize cold giant planets around low-mass stars at kpc distances, populating the critical transition region between ice giants and gas giants. |
| title | Three Saturn-mass Microlensing Planets Identified through Signals from Peripheral-caustic Perturbations |
| topic | Earth and Planetary Astrophysics Astrophysics of Galaxies |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.16095 |