The Smallest String Attractors of Fibonacci and Period-Doubling Words

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Banbara, Mutsunori, Bannai, Hideo, Guo, Peaker, Köppl, Dominik, Mieno, Takuya, Okamoto, Yoshio
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Banbara, Mutsunori
Bannai, Hideo
Guo, Peaker
Köppl, Dominik
Mieno, Takuya
Okamoto, Yoshio
author_facet Banbara, Mutsunori
Bannai, Hideo
Guo, Peaker
Köppl, Dominik
Mieno, Takuya
Okamoto, Yoshio
contents A string attractor of a string $T[1..|T|]$ is a set of positions $Γ$ of $T$ such that any substring $w$ of $T$ has an occurrence that crosses a position in $Γ$, i.e., there is a position $i$ such that $w = T[i..i+|w|-1]$ and the intersection $[i,i+|w|-1]\cap Γ$ is nonempty. The size of the smallest string attractor of Fibonacci words is known to be $2$. We completely characterize the set of all smallest string attractors of Fibonacci words, and show a recursive formula describing the $2^{n-4} + 2^{\lceil n/2 \rceil - 2}$ distinct position pairs that are the smallest string attractors of the $n$th Fibonacci word for $n \geq 7$. Similarly, the size of the smallest string attractor of period-doubling words is known to be $2$. We also completely characterize the set of all smallest string attractors of period-doubling words, and show a formula describing the two distinct position pairs that are the smallest string attractors of the $n$th period-doubling word for $n\geq 2$. Our results show that strings with the same smallest attractor size can have a drastically different number of distinct smallest attractors.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_16152
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle The Smallest String Attractors of Fibonacci and Period-Doubling Words
Banbara, Mutsunori
Bannai, Hideo
Guo, Peaker
Köppl, Dominik
Mieno, Takuya
Okamoto, Yoshio
Combinatorics
Discrete Mathematics
Formal Languages and Automata Theory
A string attractor of a string $T[1..|T|]$ is a set of positions $Γ$ of $T$ such that any substring $w$ of $T$ has an occurrence that crosses a position in $Γ$, i.e., there is a position $i$ such that $w = T[i..i+|w|-1]$ and the intersection $[i,i+|w|-1]\cap Γ$ is nonempty. The size of the smallest string attractor of Fibonacci words is known to be $2$. We completely characterize the set of all smallest string attractors of Fibonacci words, and show a recursive formula describing the $2^{n-4} + 2^{\lceil n/2 \rceil - 2}$ distinct position pairs that are the smallest string attractors of the $n$th Fibonacci word for $n \geq 7$. Similarly, the size of the smallest string attractor of period-doubling words is known to be $2$. We also completely characterize the set of all smallest string attractors of period-doubling words, and show a formula describing the two distinct position pairs that are the smallest string attractors of the $n$th period-doubling word for $n\geq 2$. Our results show that strings with the same smallest attractor size can have a drastically different number of distinct smallest attractors.
title The Smallest String Attractors of Fibonacci and Period-Doubling Words
topic Combinatorics
Discrete Mathematics
Formal Languages and Automata Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.16152