Singular jets in free-falling droplets
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , , , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866911454132699136 |
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| author | Kharbedia, M. Franca, H. Schubert, H. K. Engels, D. J. Jalaal, M. Versolato, O. O. |
| author_facet | Kharbedia, M. Franca, H. Schubert, H. K. Engels, D. J. Jalaal, M. Versolato, O. O. |
| contents | We report on singular jets in a free-falling liquid tin droplet following nanosecond laser-pulse impact. Following impact, the droplet (with diameter $D_0=50$ or 70\,$μ$m) undergoes rapid radial expansion and subsequent retraction, resulting in the formation of an axisymmetric jet. Using numerical simulations in tandem with our experiments, we reveal that a delicate interplay between radial flow and the curvature of the retracting droplet governs jet formation. The resulting dynamics is characterized using the impact Weber number, $\We$ (in the experiments $2 \lesssim \We \lesssim 16$), and a pressure width, W (typically $1 \lesssim \W \lesssim 2$), which describes the angular distribution over the droplet surface of the instantaneous pressure impulse exerted by the transient laser-produced plasma. %, within the range $0-20$. For values $\We<10$, the droplet presents a pronounced forward curvature during the retraction, leading to the formation of a cavity. The collapse of such a cavity leads to a singular jet that greatly enhances the jetting velocity up to ten times the impact propulsion velocity, an effect that narrowly peaks around $\We\sim6-8$, reminiscent of singular jets in droplet-solid impact. We identify a further sensitivity of the jet velocity enhancement on the pressure width W and capture the dynamics in a phase diagram connecting the various deformation morphologies with jet velocity. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_16296 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Singular jets in free-falling droplets Kharbedia, M. Franca, H. Schubert, H. K. Engels, D. J. Jalaal, M. Versolato, O. O. Fluid Dynamics We report on singular jets in a free-falling liquid tin droplet following nanosecond laser-pulse impact. Following impact, the droplet (with diameter $D_0=50$ or 70\,$μ$m) undergoes rapid radial expansion and subsequent retraction, resulting in the formation of an axisymmetric jet. Using numerical simulations in tandem with our experiments, we reveal that a delicate interplay between radial flow and the curvature of the retracting droplet governs jet formation. The resulting dynamics is characterized using the impact Weber number, $\We$ (in the experiments $2 \lesssim \We \lesssim 16$), and a pressure width, W (typically $1 \lesssim \W \lesssim 2$), which describes the angular distribution over the droplet surface of the instantaneous pressure impulse exerted by the transient laser-produced plasma. %, within the range $0-20$. For values $\We<10$, the droplet presents a pronounced forward curvature during the retraction, leading to the formation of a cavity. The collapse of such a cavity leads to a singular jet that greatly enhances the jetting velocity up to ten times the impact propulsion velocity, an effect that narrowly peaks around $\We\sim6-8$, reminiscent of singular jets in droplet-solid impact. We identify a further sensitivity of the jet velocity enhancement on the pressure width W and capture the dynamics in a phase diagram connecting the various deformation morphologies with jet velocity. |
| title | Singular jets in free-falling droplets |
| topic | Fluid Dynamics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.16296 |