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Main Authors: Su, Howard, Liu, Chen-Yu, Chen, Samuel Yen-Chi, Chen, Kuan-Cheng, Tseng, Huan-Hsin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.16623
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author Su, Howard
Liu, Chen-Yu
Chen, Samuel Yen-Chi
Chen, Kuan-Cheng
Tseng, Huan-Hsin
author_facet Su, Howard
Liu, Chen-Yu
Chen, Samuel Yen-Chi
Chen, Kuan-Cheng
Tseng, Huan-Hsin
contents Variational Quantum Circuits (VQC) are promising models for quantum machine learning, but standard monolithic architectures face an expressivity--trainability dilemma: small circuits can be under-parameterized, while larger circuits are difficult to simulate and optimize. We propose Multi-Layer Fully-Connected Variational Quantum Circuits (FC-VQC), a modular framework that decomposes high-dimensional inputs into fixed-size local VQC blocks connected by deterministic block-mixing rules. This design keeps each quantum computation local while allowing the number of trainable quantum parameters to scale linearly with input dimension. We evaluate FC-VQC across tabular regression, tabular classification, and spatio-temporal BSDE/PDE approximation. Across the evaluated tasks, FC-VQC improves over monolithic VQC baselines and achieves competitive or improved performance relative to structure-matched deep neural network (DNN) baselines, while using substantially fewer trainable parameters.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_16623
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Scalable Quantum Machine Learning via Multi-layer Fully-Connected Variational Quantum Circuits
Su, Howard
Liu, Chen-Yu
Chen, Samuel Yen-Chi
Chen, Kuan-Cheng
Tseng, Huan-Hsin
Quantum Physics
Variational Quantum Circuits (VQC) are promising models for quantum machine learning, but standard monolithic architectures face an expressivity--trainability dilemma: small circuits can be under-parameterized, while larger circuits are difficult to simulate and optimize. We propose Multi-Layer Fully-Connected Variational Quantum Circuits (FC-VQC), a modular framework that decomposes high-dimensional inputs into fixed-size local VQC blocks connected by deterministic block-mixing rules. This design keeps each quantum computation local while allowing the number of trainable quantum parameters to scale linearly with input dimension. We evaluate FC-VQC across tabular regression, tabular classification, and spatio-temporal BSDE/PDE approximation. Across the evaluated tasks, FC-VQC improves over monolithic VQC baselines and achieves competitive or improved performance relative to structure-matched deep neural network (DNN) baselines, while using substantially fewer trainable parameters.
title Scalable Quantum Machine Learning via Multi-layer Fully-Connected Variational Quantum Circuits
topic Quantum Physics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.16623