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Main Authors: Smith, Conor, Yang, Yubo, Wan, Zhou-Quan, Chen, Yixiao, Morales, Miguel A., Zhang, Shiwei
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.16798
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author Smith, Conor
Yang, Yubo
Wan, Zhou-Quan
Chen, Yixiao
Morales, Miguel A.
Zhang, Shiwei
author_facet Smith, Conor
Yang, Yubo
Wan, Zhou-Quan
Chen, Yixiao
Morales, Miguel A.
Zhang, Shiwei
contents Moiré systems have emerged as an exciting tunable platform for engineering and probing quantum matter. A large number of exotic states have been observed, stimulating intense efforts in experiment, theory, and simulation. Utilizing a neural-network-based quantum Monte Carlo approach, we discover a new ground state of the two-dimensional electron gas in a honeycomb moire potential at a filling factor of $ν_m =1/4$ (one electron every four moiré minima). In this state, two opposite-spin electrons pair to form a singlet-like valence bond state which restores local $C_6$ symmetry in hexagonal molecules each spanning $6$ moiré minima. These molecules of pairs then form a molecular Wigner crystal, leaving one quarter of the moiré minima mostly depleted. The formation of such a paired Wigner crystal, absent any confining potential or attractive interaction to facilitate "pre-assembling" the molecule, provides a fascinating case of collective phenomena in strongly interacting quantum many-body systems, and opportunities to engineer exotic properties.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_16798
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Neural Network Discovery of Paired Wigner Crystals in Artificial Graphene
Smith, Conor
Yang, Yubo
Wan, Zhou-Quan
Chen, Yixiao
Morales, Miguel A.
Zhang, Shiwei
Quantum Physics
Strongly Correlated Electrons
Moiré systems have emerged as an exciting tunable platform for engineering and probing quantum matter. A large number of exotic states have been observed, stimulating intense efforts in experiment, theory, and simulation. Utilizing a neural-network-based quantum Monte Carlo approach, we discover a new ground state of the two-dimensional electron gas in a honeycomb moire potential at a filling factor of $ν_m =1/4$ (one electron every four moiré minima). In this state, two opposite-spin electrons pair to form a singlet-like valence bond state which restores local $C_6$ symmetry in hexagonal molecules each spanning $6$ moiré minima. These molecules of pairs then form a molecular Wigner crystal, leaving one quarter of the moiré minima mostly depleted. The formation of such a paired Wigner crystal, absent any confining potential or attractive interaction to facilitate "pre-assembling" the molecule, provides a fascinating case of collective phenomena in strongly interacting quantum many-body systems, and opportunities to engineer exotic properties.
title Neural Network Discovery of Paired Wigner Crystals in Artificial Graphene
topic Quantum Physics
Strongly Correlated Electrons
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.16798