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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Zhang, Zeyu, Chen, Ryan, Stadie, Bradly C.
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.17234
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Table of Contents:
  • Backtesting LLMs on resolved events assumes models reason only from pre-cutoff knowledge, yet pretrained models inevitably leak post-cutoff knowledge. We introduce a claim-level evaluation framework that decomposes prediction rationales into atomic claims and applies Shapley values to quantify each claim's decision impact, yielding \textbf{Shapley-DCLR} (\textbf{Shapley}-weighted \textbf{D}ecision-\textbf{C}ritical \textbf{L}eakage \textbf{R}ate) -- an interpretable metric measuring what fraction of decision-driving reasoning is contaminated. We further propose \textbf{TimeSPEC} (\textbf{Time}-\textbf{S}upervised \textbf{P}rediction with \textbf{E}xtracted \textbf{C}laims), an inference-time architecture that interleaves temporally-filtered retrieval with claim-level supervision, producing predictions grounded entirely in pre-cutoff evidence. Across three LLMs, the ablation experiments confirm retrieval and supervision are jointly necessary; and a three-task probe further illstrates that the performance cost of temporal enforcement scales with each task's reliance on post-cutoff information.