Cross-Lingual Sentiment Misalignment: Auditing Multilingual Language Models for Inversion Risk, Dialectal Representation, and Affective Stability
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866918475141742592 |
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| author | Lia, Nusrat Jahan Dipta, Shubhashis Roy |
| author_facet | Lia, Nusrat Jahan Dipta, Shubhashis Roy |
| contents | Recent advances in multilingual representation learning aim to bridge the performance gap between high- and low-resource languages, yet their ability to preserve affective meaning across languages remains underexplored, particularly for underrepresented languages like Bengali. This research addresses cross-lingual sentiment misalignment between Bengali and English by introducing a controlled benchmarking framework evaluating four multilingual transformer models on parallel Bengali-English sentence pairs, stratified by dialect, to assess their representational stability. We demonstrate that a compressed model architecture exhibits a 28.7% "Sentiment Inversion Rate," fundamentally misinterpreting positive semantics as negative (or vice versa). Consequently, we identify a cross-lingual sentiment skew that we call "Asymmetric Empathy," where models systematically dampen or artificially amplify the affective weight of Bengali text relative to its exact English counterpart. Finally, we expose a key vulnerability regarding dialectal representation: a "Modern Bias" in the regional model, which exhibits a 57% increase in alignment error when processing the formal Bengali register compared to modern colloquial text. As foundational encoders continue to serve as safety classifiers and reward models for LLM pipelines, cross-lingual reliability becomes a critical concern. We therefore advocate for the integration of "Affective Stability" metrics into future cross-lingual benchmarks to detect and penalize polarity inversions, particularly in low-resource settings. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_17469 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Cross-Lingual Sentiment Misalignment: Auditing Multilingual Language Models for Inversion Risk, Dialectal Representation, and Affective Stability Lia, Nusrat Jahan Dipta, Shubhashis Roy Computation and Language Human-Computer Interaction Recent advances in multilingual representation learning aim to bridge the performance gap between high- and low-resource languages, yet their ability to preserve affective meaning across languages remains underexplored, particularly for underrepresented languages like Bengali. This research addresses cross-lingual sentiment misalignment between Bengali and English by introducing a controlled benchmarking framework evaluating four multilingual transformer models on parallel Bengali-English sentence pairs, stratified by dialect, to assess their representational stability. We demonstrate that a compressed model architecture exhibits a 28.7% "Sentiment Inversion Rate," fundamentally misinterpreting positive semantics as negative (or vice versa). Consequently, we identify a cross-lingual sentiment skew that we call "Asymmetric Empathy," where models systematically dampen or artificially amplify the affective weight of Bengali text relative to its exact English counterpart. Finally, we expose a key vulnerability regarding dialectal representation: a "Modern Bias" in the regional model, which exhibits a 57% increase in alignment error when processing the formal Bengali register compared to modern colloquial text. As foundational encoders continue to serve as safety classifiers and reward models for LLM pipelines, cross-lingual reliability becomes a critical concern. We therefore advocate for the integration of "Affective Stability" metrics into future cross-lingual benchmarks to detect and penalize polarity inversions, particularly in low-resource settings. |
| title | Cross-Lingual Sentiment Misalignment: Auditing Multilingual Language Models for Inversion Risk, Dialectal Representation, and Affective Stability |
| topic | Computation and Language Human-Computer Interaction |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.17469 |