Perturbative sensing of nanoscale materials with millimeter-wave photonic crystals
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Multani, Kevin K. S. Ji, Zhurun Jiang, Wentao Qi, Siyuan Hayden, Akasha G. Multani, Gitanjali Platt, Sharon Ruth S. Nanni, Emilio A. Shen, Zhi-Xun Safavi-Naeini, Amir H. |
| author_facet | Multani, Kevin K. S. Ji, Zhurun Jiang, Wentao Qi, Siyuan Hayden, Akasha G. Multani, Gitanjali Platt, Sharon Ruth S. Nanni, Emilio A. Shen, Zhi-Xun Safavi-Naeini, Amir H. |
| contents | We introduce millimeter-wave silicon photonic crystal cavities as a versatile platform for the perturbative sensing of nanoscale materials. This dielectric-based platform is compatible with strong magnetic fields, opening avenues for studying quantum materials in extreme environments where superconducting cavities cannot operate. To establish the platform's performance, we cryogenically characterize a silicon photonic crystal cavity at 4.3 K, achieving a total quality factor exceeding $10^5$ for a 96 GHz mode. As a proof-of-concept for its sensing capabilities, we position a hexagonal boron nitride-multilayer graphene (hBN-MLG) heterostructure at an electric-field antinode of the cavity and measure the perturbative response at room temperature. The heterostructure induces a significant change in the cavity's resonance, from which we extract a total sample conductivity of approximately $5.1\times10^6$~S/m. These results establish silicon photonic crystal cavities as a promising platform for sensitive, on-chip spectroscopy of nanoscale materials at millimeter-wave frequencies. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_17527 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Perturbative sensing of nanoscale materials with millimeter-wave photonic crystals Multani, Kevin K. S. Ji, Zhurun Jiang, Wentao Qi, Siyuan Hayden, Akasha G. Multani, Gitanjali Platt, Sharon Ruth S. Nanni, Emilio A. Shen, Zhi-Xun Safavi-Naeini, Amir H. Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Optics We introduce millimeter-wave silicon photonic crystal cavities as a versatile platform for the perturbative sensing of nanoscale materials. This dielectric-based platform is compatible with strong magnetic fields, opening avenues for studying quantum materials in extreme environments where superconducting cavities cannot operate. To establish the platform's performance, we cryogenically characterize a silicon photonic crystal cavity at 4.3 K, achieving a total quality factor exceeding $10^5$ for a 96 GHz mode. As a proof-of-concept for its sensing capabilities, we position a hexagonal boron nitride-multilayer graphene (hBN-MLG) heterostructure at an electric-field antinode of the cavity and measure the perturbative response at room temperature. The heterostructure induces a significant change in the cavity's resonance, from which we extract a total sample conductivity of approximately $5.1\times10^6$~S/m. These results establish silicon photonic crystal cavities as a promising platform for sensitive, on-chip spectroscopy of nanoscale materials at millimeter-wave frequencies. |
| title | Perturbative sensing of nanoscale materials with millimeter-wave photonic crystals |
| topic | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Optics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.17527 |