Observation of Robust and Coherent Non-Abelian Hadron Dynamics on Noisy Quantum Processors
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866913173346451456 |
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| author | Ilčić, Fran Majumdar, Ritajit Mathew, Emil Ali, Md. Osama Earnest-Noble, Nathan Raychowdhury, Indrakshi |
| author_facet | Ilčić, Fran Majumdar, Ritajit Mathew, Emil Ali, Md. Osama Earnest-Noble, Nathan Raychowdhury, Indrakshi |
| contents | The real-time evolution of strongly interacting matter remains a frontier of fundamental physics, as classical simulations are hampered by exponential Hilbert space growth and rapid, unmanageable growth of quantum entanglement. This study reports the quantum simulation of hadron dynamics within a $(1+1)$-dimensional SU(2) lattice gauge theory using a 156-qubit IBM superconducting processor. Leveraging a hardware-efficient Loop-String-Hadron (LSH) encoding, we simulate the dynamics of the physical degrees of freedom on a $60$-site lattice in the weak-coupling regime, as a crucial step toward the continuum limit. The hardware data reveal confined meson propagation and early-time oscillations of the mesonic profile, from which we extract a breathing-mode frequency as a spectroscopic observable. Benchmarking against tensor-network simulations of the full LSH Hamiltonian and Pauli-propagation simulations of the noiseless circuit supports the validity of the physical approximation, the quantum algorithm and the observed dynamics within the accessible time window. These results show that physics-native encodings can enable scalable access to coherent non-Abelian real-time dynamics on noisy quantum hardware. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_18080 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Observation of Robust and Coherent Non-Abelian Hadron Dynamics on Noisy Quantum Processors Ilčić, Fran Majumdar, Ritajit Mathew, Emil Ali, Md. Osama Earnest-Noble, Nathan Raychowdhury, Indrakshi High Energy Physics - Lattice Strongly Correlated Electrons High Energy Physics - Theory Nuclear Theory Quantum Physics The real-time evolution of strongly interacting matter remains a frontier of fundamental physics, as classical simulations are hampered by exponential Hilbert space growth and rapid, unmanageable growth of quantum entanglement. This study reports the quantum simulation of hadron dynamics within a $(1+1)$-dimensional SU(2) lattice gauge theory using a 156-qubit IBM superconducting processor. Leveraging a hardware-efficient Loop-String-Hadron (LSH) encoding, we simulate the dynamics of the physical degrees of freedom on a $60$-site lattice in the weak-coupling regime, as a crucial step toward the continuum limit. The hardware data reveal confined meson propagation and early-time oscillations of the mesonic profile, from which we extract a breathing-mode frequency as a spectroscopic observable. Benchmarking against tensor-network simulations of the full LSH Hamiltonian and Pauli-propagation simulations of the noiseless circuit supports the validity of the physical approximation, the quantum algorithm and the observed dynamics within the accessible time window. These results show that physics-native encodings can enable scalable access to coherent non-Abelian real-time dynamics on noisy quantum hardware. |
| title | Observation of Robust and Coherent Non-Abelian Hadron Dynamics on Noisy Quantum Processors |
| topic | High Energy Physics - Lattice Strongly Correlated Electrons High Energy Physics - Theory Nuclear Theory Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.18080 |