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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Tomy, Chris, Vali, Mo, Pertzborn, David, Alamatouri, Tammam, Mühlig, Anna, Guntinas-Lichius, Orlando, Xylander, Anna, Fantuzzi, Eric Michele, Negro, Matteo, Crisafi, Francesco, Lio, Pietro, Azevedo, Tiago
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.18119
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Table of Contents:
  • Histopathology, the current gold standard for cancer diagnosis, involves the manual examination of tissue samples after chemical staining, a time-consuming process requiring expert analysis. Raman spectroscopy is an alternative, stain-free method of extracting information from samples. Using nnU-Net, we trained a segmentation model on a novel dataset of spatial Raman spectra aligned with tumour annotations, achieving a mean foreground Dice score of 80.9%, surpassing previous work. Furthermore, we propose a novel, interpretable, prototype-based architecture called RamanSeg. RamanSeg classifies pixels based on discovered regions of the training set, generating a segmentation mask. Two variants of RamanSeg allow a trade-off between interpretability and performance: one with prototype projection and another projection-free version. The projection-free RamanSeg outperformed a U-Net baseline with a mean foreground Dice score of 67.3%, offering a meaningful improvement over a black-box training approach.