On A. V. Anisimov's problem for finding a polynomial algorithm checking inclusion of context-free languages in group languages

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Yordzhev, Krasimir
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Yordzhev, Krasimir
author_facet Yordzhev, Krasimir
contents The work investigates the problem of whether a context-free language is a subset of a group language. A.~V. Anisimov has shown that the problem of determining the unambiguity of finite automata is a special case of this problem. Then the question of finding polynomial algorithm verifying the inclusion of context-free languages in group languages naturally arises. The article focuses on this open problem. For the purpose, the paper describes an unconventional method of description of context-free languages, namely a representation with the help of a finite digraph whose arcs are labelled with a specially defined monoid $\mathcal{U}$. Also, we define a semiring $\mathcal{S}_\mathcal{U}$ whose elements are the set $2^\mathcal{U}$ of all subsets of $\mathcal{U}$ and with operations - product and union of the elements of $2^\mathcal{U}$. The described algorithm executes no more than $O(n^3)$ operations in $\mathcal{S}_\mathcal{U}$.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_18305
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On A. V. Anisimov's problem for finding a polynomial algorithm checking inclusion of context-free languages in group languages
Yordzhev, Krasimir
Formal Languages and Automata Theory
Combinatorics
68Q45, 68Q70
The work investigates the problem of whether a context-free language is a subset of a group language. A.~V. Anisimov has shown that the problem of determining the unambiguity of finite automata is a special case of this problem. Then the question of finding polynomial algorithm verifying the inclusion of context-free languages in group languages naturally arises. The article focuses on this open problem. For the purpose, the paper describes an unconventional method of description of context-free languages, namely a representation with the help of a finite digraph whose arcs are labelled with a specially defined monoid $\mathcal{U}$. Also, we define a semiring $\mathcal{S}_\mathcal{U}$ whose elements are the set $2^\mathcal{U}$ of all subsets of $\mathcal{U}$ and with operations - product and union of the elements of $2^\mathcal{U}$. The described algorithm executes no more than $O(n^3)$ operations in $\mathcal{S}_\mathcal{U}$.
title On A. V. Anisimov's problem for finding a polynomial algorithm checking inclusion of context-free languages in group languages
topic Formal Languages and Automata Theory
Combinatorics
68Q45, 68Q70
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.18305