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| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.18343 |
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| _version_ | 1866913040195125248 |
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| author | Schwaiger, Stefan Forster, Lennart Dierolf, Martin Pfeiffer, Franz Günther, Benedikt |
| author_facet | Schwaiger, Stefan Forster, Lennart Dierolf, Martin Pfeiffer, Franz Günther, Benedikt |
| contents | We present a structured-illumination technique for full-field super-resolution transmission X-ray microscopy, which employs Fourier spectral decomposition inspired by established methods in visible-light microscopy. A 2D grating creating this illumination is stepped across one period to acquire a set of images at unique illumination positions. The Fourier domain of each image is described as a linear combination of replicated sample information at each frequency harmonic. As this superposition is created independently of detection, it contains spatial information exceeding native detector resolution. Recovering the encoded high-frequency components enables the population of an expanded frequency space. We demonstrate the presence of additional sample information in the Fourier spectrum and introduce a method to recover it. We achieve a resolution improvement by a factor of 2.2 for the projection image of a resolution test pattern. We further demonstrate seamless integration into standard X-ray tomography acquisition schemes. The acquisition is inherently multimodal, as phase-contrast and dark-field images can be computed from the same data using methods such as unified modulated pattern analysis, while providing an additional super-resolved transmission channel. These results indicate broad potential for non-destructive testing and biomedical imaging, as they alleviate pixel-size limitations in photon-counting detectors and sample-size restrictions imposed by optical magnification. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_18343 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Super-Resolution Structured-Illumination X-Ray Microscopy based on Fourier Decomposition Schwaiger, Stefan Forster, Lennart Dierolf, Martin Pfeiffer, Franz Günther, Benedikt Optics We present a structured-illumination technique for full-field super-resolution transmission X-ray microscopy, which employs Fourier spectral decomposition inspired by established methods in visible-light microscopy. A 2D grating creating this illumination is stepped across one period to acquire a set of images at unique illumination positions. The Fourier domain of each image is described as a linear combination of replicated sample information at each frequency harmonic. As this superposition is created independently of detection, it contains spatial information exceeding native detector resolution. Recovering the encoded high-frequency components enables the population of an expanded frequency space. We demonstrate the presence of additional sample information in the Fourier spectrum and introduce a method to recover it. We achieve a resolution improvement by a factor of 2.2 for the projection image of a resolution test pattern. We further demonstrate seamless integration into standard X-ray tomography acquisition schemes. The acquisition is inherently multimodal, as phase-contrast and dark-field images can be computed from the same data using methods such as unified modulated pattern analysis, while providing an additional super-resolved transmission channel. These results indicate broad potential for non-destructive testing and biomedical imaging, as they alleviate pixel-size limitations in photon-counting detectors and sample-size restrictions imposed by optical magnification. |
| title | Super-Resolution Structured-Illumination X-Ray Microscopy based on Fourier Decomposition |
| topic | Optics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.18343 |