Package Managers à la Carte: A Formal Model of Dependency Resolution

Fuente: arXiv
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Hauptverfasser: Gibb, Ryan, Ferris, Patrick, Allsopp, David, Gazagnaire, Thomas, Madhavapeddy, Anil
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Gibb, Ryan
Ferris, Patrick
Allsopp, David
Gazagnaire, Thomas
Madhavapeddy, Anil
author_facet Gibb, Ryan
Ferris, Patrick
Allsopp, David
Gazagnaire, Thomas
Madhavapeddy, Anil
contents Package managers are legion. Every programming language and operating system has its own solution, each with subtly different semantics for dependency resolution. This fragmentation prevents multilingual projects from expressing precise dependencies across language ecosystems; it leaves external system and hardware dependencies implicit and unversioned; it obscures security vulnerabilities that lie in the full dependency graph. We present the \textit{Package Calculus}, a formalism for dependency resolution that unifies the core semantics of diverse package managers. Through a series of formal reductions, we show how this core is expressive enough to model the diversity that real-world package managers employ in their dependency expression languages. By using the Package Calculus as the intermediate representation of dependencies, we enable translation between distinct package managers and resolution across ecosystems.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_18602
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Package Managers à la Carte: A Formal Model of Dependency Resolution
Gibb, Ryan
Ferris, Patrick
Allsopp, David
Gazagnaire, Thomas
Madhavapeddy, Anil
Programming Languages
Software Engineering
Package managers are legion. Every programming language and operating system has its own solution, each with subtly different semantics for dependency resolution. This fragmentation prevents multilingual projects from expressing precise dependencies across language ecosystems; it leaves external system and hardware dependencies implicit and unversioned; it obscures security vulnerabilities that lie in the full dependency graph. We present the \textit{Package Calculus}, a formalism for dependency resolution that unifies the core semantics of diverse package managers. Through a series of formal reductions, we show how this core is expressive enough to model the diversity that real-world package managers employ in their dependency expression languages. By using the Package Calculus as the intermediate representation of dependencies, we enable translation between distinct package managers and resolution across ecosystems.
title Package Managers à la Carte: A Formal Model of Dependency Resolution
topic Programming Languages
Software Engineering
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.18602