A Realistic Pulsar - Supermassive Black Hole Timing Model
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arXiv
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| Auteurs principaux: | , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Publié: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866915812023992320 |
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| author | Hu, Zexin Wang, Ziming Shao, Lijing |
| author_facet | Hu, Zexin Wang, Ziming Shao, Lijing |
| contents | Timing observation of pulsars orbiting around a supermassive black hole (SMBH) can measure the spacetime around the SMBH to a high precision and thus be a novel probe of the gravity theory. Future high-frequency surveys of the Galactic Centre (GC) region to be performed by the next-generation radio telescopes, such as the SKA, may discover pulsars that orbit around Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the SMBH dwelling in our GC. In this paper, we present a realistic pulsar-SMBH timing model based on the post-Newtonian equations of motion of the pulsar. Considering the expected timing precision in the future, we take into account several next-to-leading order light propagation time delays in the timing model. For the first time, we include the effects of proper motion of Sgr A*, which were expected to break the spin measurement degeneracy. We forecast the measurement precision of various parameters of Sgr A*, and discuss the data analysis procedure in the presence of red noise, which can be strong if the pulsar is a normal pulsar. The realistic timing model constructed in this study will serve as a useful tool in future searching and timing of pulsar-SMBH systems in the GC. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_19546 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | A Realistic Pulsar - Supermassive Black Hole Timing Model Hu, Zexin Wang, Ziming Shao, Lijing High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology Timing observation of pulsars orbiting around a supermassive black hole (SMBH) can measure the spacetime around the SMBH to a high precision and thus be a novel probe of the gravity theory. Future high-frequency surveys of the Galactic Centre (GC) region to be performed by the next-generation radio telescopes, such as the SKA, may discover pulsars that orbit around Sagittarius A* (Sgr A*), the SMBH dwelling in our GC. In this paper, we present a realistic pulsar-SMBH timing model based on the post-Newtonian equations of motion of the pulsar. Considering the expected timing precision in the future, we take into account several next-to-leading order light propagation time delays in the timing model. For the first time, we include the effects of proper motion of Sgr A*, which were expected to break the spin measurement degeneracy. We forecast the measurement precision of various parameters of Sgr A*, and discuss the data analysis procedure in the presence of red noise, which can be strong if the pulsar is a normal pulsar. The realistic timing model constructed in this study will serve as a useful tool in future searching and timing of pulsar-SMBH systems in the GC. |
| title | A Realistic Pulsar - Supermassive Black Hole Timing Model |
| topic | High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.19546 |