Modular abelian surfaces of small conductor with nontrivial Tate--Shafarevich groups

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Frengley, Sam, Laird, Dylan
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Frengley, Sam
Laird, Dylan
author_facet Frengley, Sam
Laird, Dylan
contents We exhibit examples of geometrically simple abelian surfaces $A/\mathbb{Q}$ with conductor bounded by $(10\,000)^2$ whose Tate--Shafarevich groups contain a subgroup isomorphic to $(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z})^2$ for each $p = 5, 7, 11, 13$. To find these examples we generalise work of Cremona--Freitas to enumerate all congruences of a certain type between pairs of weight $2$ newforms $f \in S_2^{\mathrm{new}}(Γ_0(N))$ and $g \in S_2^{\mathrm{new}}(Γ_0(M))$ contained in the LMFDB (i.e., with $N, M < 10\,000$) and with coefficient fields of degree $\leq 4$. Passing from the modular forms to the corresponding abelian varieties we use visibility to (unconditionally) prove the existence of non-trivial elements of the Tate--Shafarevich group. Finally we construct an example of an abelian surface with $(\mathbb{Z}/7\mathbb{Z})^2 \subset \mathrm{Sha}(A/\mathbb{Q})$ which is (conjecturally) not visible in any abelian threefold.
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id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_19813
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Modular abelian surfaces of small conductor with nontrivial Tate--Shafarevich groups
Frengley, Sam
Laird, Dylan
Number Theory
11G30, 11G10, 14H40
We exhibit examples of geometrically simple abelian surfaces $A/\mathbb{Q}$ with conductor bounded by $(10\,000)^2$ whose Tate--Shafarevich groups contain a subgroup isomorphic to $(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z})^2$ for each $p = 5, 7, 11, 13$. To find these examples we generalise work of Cremona--Freitas to enumerate all congruences of a certain type between pairs of weight $2$ newforms $f \in S_2^{\mathrm{new}}(Γ_0(N))$ and $g \in S_2^{\mathrm{new}}(Γ_0(M))$ contained in the LMFDB (i.e., with $N, M < 10\,000$) and with coefficient fields of degree $\leq 4$. Passing from the modular forms to the corresponding abelian varieties we use visibility to (unconditionally) prove the existence of non-trivial elements of the Tate--Shafarevich group. Finally we construct an example of an abelian surface with $(\mathbb{Z}/7\mathbb{Z})^2 \subset \mathrm{Sha}(A/\mathbb{Q})$ which is (conjecturally) not visible in any abelian threefold.
title Modular abelian surfaces of small conductor with nontrivial Tate--Shafarevich groups
topic Number Theory
11G30, 11G10, 14H40
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.19813