On Stein's test of uniformity on the hypersphere

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Axmann, Paul, Ebner, Bruno, García-Portugués, Eduardo
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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author Axmann, Paul
Ebner, Bruno
García-Portugués, Eduardo
author_facet Axmann, Paul
Ebner, Bruno
García-Portugués, Eduardo
contents We propose a new test of uniformity on the hypersphere based on a Stein characterization associated with the Laplace--Beltrami operator. We identify a sufficient class of test functions for this characterization, linked to the moment generating function. Exploiting the operator's eigenfunctions to obtain a harmonic decomposition in terms of Gegenbauer polynomials, we show that the proposed procedure belongs to the class of Sobolev tests. We derive closed-form expressions for the distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis and under fixed alternatives. To enhance power against a range of alternatives, we introduce a tuning parameter into the characterization and study its impact on rejection probabilities. We discuss data-driven strategies for selecting this parameter to maximize rejection rates for a given alternative and compare the resulting performance with that of related parametric tests. Additional numerical experiments compare the proposed test with competing Sobolev-class procedures, highlighting settings in which it offers clear advantages.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_20896
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle On Stein's test of uniformity on the hypersphere
Axmann, Paul
Ebner, Bruno
García-Portugués, Eduardo
Statistics Theory
Methodology
62G10, 62H11
We propose a new test of uniformity on the hypersphere based on a Stein characterization associated with the Laplace--Beltrami operator. We identify a sufficient class of test functions for this characterization, linked to the moment generating function. Exploiting the operator's eigenfunctions to obtain a harmonic decomposition in terms of Gegenbauer polynomials, we show that the proposed procedure belongs to the class of Sobolev tests. We derive closed-form expressions for the distribution of the test statistic under the null hypothesis and under fixed alternatives. To enhance power against a range of alternatives, we introduce a tuning parameter into the characterization and study its impact on rejection probabilities. We discuss data-driven strategies for selecting this parameter to maximize rejection rates for a given alternative and compare the resulting performance with that of related parametric tests. Additional numerical experiments compare the proposed test with competing Sobolev-class procedures, highlighting settings in which it offers clear advantages.
title On Stein's test of uniformity on the hypersphere
topic Statistics Theory
Methodology
62G10, 62H11
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.20896