Novel High-Scalability Architecture for Photonic Deep Learning
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arXiv
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866915813810765824 |
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| author | Sun, Yuxin Gao, Chun Xie, Jin Wang, Pan Yu, Zejie Xie, Yiwei Li, Huan Dai, Daoxin |
| author_facet | Sun, Yuxin Gao, Chun Xie, Jin Wang, Pan Yu, Zejie Xie, Yiwei Li, Huan Dai, Daoxin |
| contents | Photonic computing promises ultrafast and energy-efficient artificial intelligence. However, existing photonic neural networks (PNNs) remain functionally shallow and difficult to scale. Here we establish a theory-guided framework showing that power stability and complex-field correlation are the fundamental prerequisites for scalable, coherent PNNs. Building on these macroscopic principles, we introduce the Coherent, Compensated and Cross-connected (C3) unit - an architecture that integrates coherent nonlinearity, active loss compensation and native optical residual connectivity. Implemented on a silicon-on-insulator platform, the C3 unit provides reconfigurable activation functions and dynamic energy stabilization without external amplification. We validate this framework using a width-constrained spiral benchmark, in which the C3 unit substantially improves parameter utilization and power robustness relative to incoherent nonlinearities. In a high-complexity 1,623-class recognition task, our C3-enabled coherent residual network (CoP-ResNet) achieves a top-1 accuracy of 77.92%, whereas non-residual architectures fail to converge. Together, these results offer a physically grounded, theory-guided pathway toward greater optical processing depth, laying the foundation for next-generation, large-scale photonic computing architectures. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_20910 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Novel High-Scalability Architecture for Photonic Deep Learning Sun, Yuxin Gao, Chun Xie, Jin Wang, Pan Yu, Zejie Xie, Yiwei Li, Huan Dai, Daoxin Optics Photonic computing promises ultrafast and energy-efficient artificial intelligence. However, existing photonic neural networks (PNNs) remain functionally shallow and difficult to scale. Here we establish a theory-guided framework showing that power stability and complex-field correlation are the fundamental prerequisites for scalable, coherent PNNs. Building on these macroscopic principles, we introduce the Coherent, Compensated and Cross-connected (C3) unit - an architecture that integrates coherent nonlinearity, active loss compensation and native optical residual connectivity. Implemented on a silicon-on-insulator platform, the C3 unit provides reconfigurable activation functions and dynamic energy stabilization without external amplification. We validate this framework using a width-constrained spiral benchmark, in which the C3 unit substantially improves parameter utilization and power robustness relative to incoherent nonlinearities. In a high-complexity 1,623-class recognition task, our C3-enabled coherent residual network (CoP-ResNet) achieves a top-1 accuracy of 77.92%, whereas non-residual architectures fail to converge. Together, these results offer a physically grounded, theory-guided pathway toward greater optical processing depth, laying the foundation for next-generation, large-scale photonic computing architectures. |
| title | Novel High-Scalability Architecture for Photonic Deep Learning |
| topic | Optics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.20910 |