Phase-Aware Localization in Pinching Antenna Systems: CRLB Analysis and ML Estimation
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866917292814630912 |
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| author | Feng, Hao Bedeer, Ebrahim Zeng, Ming Li, Xingwang Gong, Shimin Pham, Quoc-Viet |
| author_facet | Feng, Hao Bedeer, Ebrahim Zeng, Ming Li, Xingwang Gong, Shimin Pham, Quoc-Viet |
| contents | Pinching antenna systems (PASS) have recently emerged as a promising architecture for high-frequency wireless communications. In this letter, we investigate localization in PASS by jointly exploiting the received signal amplitude and phase information, unlike recent works that consider only the amplitude information. A complex baseband signal model is formulated to capture free-space path loss, waveguide attenuation, and distance-dependent phase rotation between the user and each pinching antenna. Using this model, we derive the Fisher information matrix (FIM) with respect to the user location and obtain closed-form expressions for the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) and the position error bound (PEB). A maximum likelihood (ML) estimator that jointly considers the received signal amplitude and phase is developed to estimate the unknown user location. Given the non-convexity of the estimation problem, a two-stage solution combining coarse grid search and Levenberg-Marquardt refinement is proposed. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed phase-aware estimator outperforms existing amplitude-only method in terms of positioning accuracy. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_21162 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Phase-Aware Localization in Pinching Antenna Systems: CRLB Analysis and ML Estimation Feng, Hao Bedeer, Ebrahim Zeng, Ming Li, Xingwang Gong, Shimin Pham, Quoc-Viet Information Theory Pinching antenna systems (PASS) have recently emerged as a promising architecture for high-frequency wireless communications. In this letter, we investigate localization in PASS by jointly exploiting the received signal amplitude and phase information, unlike recent works that consider only the amplitude information. A complex baseband signal model is formulated to capture free-space path loss, waveguide attenuation, and distance-dependent phase rotation between the user and each pinching antenna. Using this model, we derive the Fisher information matrix (FIM) with respect to the user location and obtain closed-form expressions for the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) and the position error bound (PEB). A maximum likelihood (ML) estimator that jointly considers the received signal amplitude and phase is developed to estimate the unknown user location. Given the non-convexity of the estimation problem, a two-stage solution combining coarse grid search and Levenberg-Marquardt refinement is proposed. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed phase-aware estimator outperforms existing amplitude-only method in terms of positioning accuracy. |
| title | Phase-Aware Localization in Pinching Antenna Systems: CRLB Analysis and ML Estimation |
| topic | Information Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.21162 |