Phase-Aware Localization in Pinching Antenna Systems: CRLB Analysis and ML Estimation

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Feng, Hao, Bedeer, Ebrahim, Zeng, Ming, Li, Xingwang, Gong, Shimin, Pham, Quoc-Viet
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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_version_ 1866917292814630912
author Feng, Hao
Bedeer, Ebrahim
Zeng, Ming
Li, Xingwang
Gong, Shimin
Pham, Quoc-Viet
author_facet Feng, Hao
Bedeer, Ebrahim
Zeng, Ming
Li, Xingwang
Gong, Shimin
Pham, Quoc-Viet
contents Pinching antenna systems (PASS) have recently emerged as a promising architecture for high-frequency wireless communications. In this letter, we investigate localization in PASS by jointly exploiting the received signal amplitude and phase information, unlike recent works that consider only the amplitude information. A complex baseband signal model is formulated to capture free-space path loss, waveguide attenuation, and distance-dependent phase rotation between the user and each pinching antenna. Using this model, we derive the Fisher information matrix (FIM) with respect to the user location and obtain closed-form expressions for the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) and the position error bound (PEB). A maximum likelihood (ML) estimator that jointly considers the received signal amplitude and phase is developed to estimate the unknown user location. Given the non-convexity of the estimation problem, a two-stage solution combining coarse grid search and Levenberg-Marquardt refinement is proposed. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed phase-aware estimator outperforms existing amplitude-only method in terms of positioning accuracy.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_21162
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Phase-Aware Localization in Pinching Antenna Systems: CRLB Analysis and ML Estimation
Feng, Hao
Bedeer, Ebrahim
Zeng, Ming
Li, Xingwang
Gong, Shimin
Pham, Quoc-Viet
Information Theory
Pinching antenna systems (PASS) have recently emerged as a promising architecture for high-frequency wireless communications. In this letter, we investigate localization in PASS by jointly exploiting the received signal amplitude and phase information, unlike recent works that consider only the amplitude information. A complex baseband signal model is formulated to capture free-space path loss, waveguide attenuation, and distance-dependent phase rotation between the user and each pinching antenna. Using this model, we derive the Fisher information matrix (FIM) with respect to the user location and obtain closed-form expressions for the Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) and the position error bound (PEB). A maximum likelihood (ML) estimator that jointly considers the received signal amplitude and phase is developed to estimate the unknown user location. Given the non-convexity of the estimation problem, a two-stage solution combining coarse grid search and Levenberg-Marquardt refinement is proposed. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed phase-aware estimator outperforms existing amplitude-only method in terms of positioning accuracy.
title Phase-Aware Localization in Pinching Antenna Systems: CRLB Analysis and ML Estimation
topic Information Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.21162