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Main Authors: Evangelista, Caio César Rodrigues, Alves, Níckolas de Aguiar
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
Subjects:
Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.21261
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author Evangelista, Caio César Rodrigues
Alves, Níckolas de Aguiar
author_facet Evangelista, Caio César Rodrigues
Alves, Níckolas de Aguiar
contents Black holes are some of the most interesting objects in the universe. While they first arise in the complicated behavior of general relativity, the physical laws ruling their behavior are surprisingly simple. For example, one of the core facts about black holes is that their area never decreases, much like the entropy in thermodynamics. In this note directed at introductory physics students and their instructors, we use this similarity to understand properties of black hole physics using standard techniques from an undergraduate course in thermal physics. We explore the never-decreasing nature of black hole area to obtain bounds on the energy emitted in a black hole merger (a calculation originally done by Hawking). We show how this allows us to think of black holes in manners very similar to heat engines, and how these ideas have been used in modern gravitational wave observatories to test general relativity. This allows a research-level topic to be discussed in introductory physics lectures.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_21261
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Using thermodynamics to learn gravitational wave physics
Evangelista, Caio César Rodrigues
Alves, Níckolas de Aguiar
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Black holes are some of the most interesting objects in the universe. While they first arise in the complicated behavior of general relativity, the physical laws ruling their behavior are surprisingly simple. For example, one of the core facts about black holes is that their area never decreases, much like the entropy in thermodynamics. In this note directed at introductory physics students and their instructors, we use this similarity to understand properties of black hole physics using standard techniques from an undergraduate course in thermal physics. We explore the never-decreasing nature of black hole area to obtain bounds on the energy emitted in a black hole merger (a calculation originally done by Hawking). We show how this allows us to think of black holes in manners very similar to heat engines, and how these ideas have been used in modern gravitational wave observatories to test general relativity. This allows a research-level topic to be discussed in introductory physics lectures.
title Using thermodynamics to learn gravitational wave physics
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.21261