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Main Authors: Zhang, Ruhao, Li, Yupeng, Liu, Yitong, Gao, Shijian, Jin, Jing, Yang, Hongwen, Wang, Jiangzhou
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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Online Access:https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.21654
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author Zhang, Ruhao
Li, Yupeng
Liu, Yitong
Gao, Shijian
Jin, Jing
Yang, Hongwen
Wang, Jiangzhou
author_facet Zhang, Ruhao
Li, Yupeng
Liu, Yitong
Gao, Shijian
Jin, Jing
Yang, Hongwen
Wang, Jiangzhou
contents Accurate channel state information (CSI) is vital for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. However, superimposed pilots (SIP), which reduce overhead, introduce severe pilot contamination and data interference, complicating joint channel estimation and data detection. This paper proposes a conditional flow matching receiver (CFM-Rx), an unsupervised generative framework that learns directly from received signals, eliminating the need for labeled data and improving adaptability across diverse system settings. By leveraging flow-based generative modeling, CFM-Rx enables deterministic, low-latency inference and exploits model invertibility to capture the bidirectional nature of signal propagation. This framework unifies flow matching with score-based diffusion modeling via a moment-consistent ordinary differential equation (ODE), replacing stochastic differential equation (SDE) sampling with a deterministic and efficient process. Furthermore, it integrates receiver-side priors to ensure stable, data-consistent inference. Extensive simulation results across various MIMO configurations demonstrate that CFM-Rx consistently outperforms conventional estimators and state-of-the-art data-driven receivers, achieving notable gains in channel estimation accuracy and symbol detection robustness, particularly under severe pilot contamination.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_21654
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Score-Based Conditional Flow Models for MIMO Receiver Design with Superimposed Pilots
Zhang, Ruhao
Li, Yupeng
Liu, Yitong
Gao, Shijian
Jin, Jing
Yang, Hongwen
Wang, Jiangzhou
Signal Processing
Accurate channel state information (CSI) is vital for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems. However, superimposed pilots (SIP), which reduce overhead, introduce severe pilot contamination and data interference, complicating joint channel estimation and data detection. This paper proposes a conditional flow matching receiver (CFM-Rx), an unsupervised generative framework that learns directly from received signals, eliminating the need for labeled data and improving adaptability across diverse system settings. By leveraging flow-based generative modeling, CFM-Rx enables deterministic, low-latency inference and exploits model invertibility to capture the bidirectional nature of signal propagation. This framework unifies flow matching with score-based diffusion modeling via a moment-consistent ordinary differential equation (ODE), replacing stochastic differential equation (SDE) sampling with a deterministic and efficient process. Furthermore, it integrates receiver-side priors to ensure stable, data-consistent inference. Extensive simulation results across various MIMO configurations demonstrate that CFM-Rx consistently outperforms conventional estimators and state-of-the-art data-driven receivers, achieving notable gains in channel estimation accuracy and symbol detection robustness, particularly under severe pilot contamination.
title Score-Based Conditional Flow Models for MIMO Receiver Design with Superimposed Pilots
topic Signal Processing
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.21654