Overview of the CXR-LT 2026 Challenge: Multi-Center Long-Tailed and Zero Shot Chest X-ray Classification
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2026
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| author | Dong, Hexin Lin, Yi Zhou, Pengyu Feng, Xuan Zhong Legasto, Alan Clint Lin, Mingquan Chen, Hao Yang, Yuzhe Shih, George Peng, Yifan |
| author_facet | Dong, Hexin Lin, Yi Zhou, Pengyu Feng, Xuan Zhong Legasto, Alan Clint Lin, Mingquan Chen, Hao Yang, Yuzhe Shih, George Peng, Yifan |
| contents | Chest X-ray (CXR) interpretation is hindered by the long-tailed distribution of pathologies and the open-world nature of clinical environments. Existing benchmarks often rely on closed-set classes from single institutions, failing to capture the prevalence of rare diseases or the appearance of novel findings. To address this, we present the CXR-LT 2026 challenge. This third iteration of the benchmark introduces a multi-center dataset comprising over 145,000 images from PadChest and NIH Chest X-ray datasets. The challenge defines two core tasks: (1) Robust Multi-Label Classification on 30 known classes and (2) Open-World Generalization to 6 unseen (out-of-distribution) rare disease classes. We report the results of the top-performing teams, evaluating them via mean Average Precision (mAP), AUROC, and F1-score. The winning solutions achieved an mAP of 0.5854 on Task 1 and 0.4315 on Task 2, demonstrating that large-scale vision-language pre-training significantly mitigates the performance drop typically associated with zero-shot diagnosis. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_22092 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Overview of the CXR-LT 2026 Challenge: Multi-Center Long-Tailed and Zero Shot Chest X-ray Classification Dong, Hexin Lin, Yi Zhou, Pengyu Feng, Xuan Zhong Legasto, Alan Clint Lin, Mingquan Chen, Hao Yang, Yuzhe Shih, George Peng, Yifan Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition Chest X-ray (CXR) interpretation is hindered by the long-tailed distribution of pathologies and the open-world nature of clinical environments. Existing benchmarks often rely on closed-set classes from single institutions, failing to capture the prevalence of rare diseases or the appearance of novel findings. To address this, we present the CXR-LT 2026 challenge. This third iteration of the benchmark introduces a multi-center dataset comprising over 145,000 images from PadChest and NIH Chest X-ray datasets. The challenge defines two core tasks: (1) Robust Multi-Label Classification on 30 known classes and (2) Open-World Generalization to 6 unseen (out-of-distribution) rare disease classes. We report the results of the top-performing teams, evaluating them via mean Average Precision (mAP), AUROC, and F1-score. The winning solutions achieved an mAP of 0.5854 on Task 1 and 0.4315 on Task 2, demonstrating that large-scale vision-language pre-training significantly mitigates the performance drop typically associated with zero-shot diagnosis. |
| title | Overview of the CXR-LT 2026 Challenge: Multi-Center Long-Tailed and Zero Shot Chest X-ray Classification |
| topic | Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.22092 |