Detection of CO$_2$ ice in the planetary nebula NGC 6302

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Bhatt, Charmi, Cao, Simon W., Cami, Jan, Clark, Nicholas, Ehrenfreund, Pascale, Peeters, Els, Matsuura, Mikako, Sloan, G. C., Dinerstein, Harriet L., Kavanagh, Patrick, Volk, Kevin, Aleman, Isabel, Barlow, Michael J., Justannont, Kay, Kraemer, Kathleen E., Kastner, Joel H., Kemper, Francisca, Monteiro, Hektor, Sahai, Raghvendra, Sterling, N. C., Walsh, Jeremy R., Waters, L. B. F. M., Zijlstra, Albert
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Bhatt, Charmi
Cao, Simon W.
Cami, Jan
Clark, Nicholas
Ehrenfreund, Pascale
Peeters, Els
Matsuura, Mikako
Sloan, G. C.
Dinerstein, Harriet L.
Kavanagh, Patrick
Volk, Kevin
Aleman, Isabel
Barlow, Michael J.
Justannont, Kay
Kraemer, Kathleen E.
Kastner, Joel H.
Kemper, Francisca
Monteiro, Hektor
Sahai, Raghvendra
Sterling, N. C.
Walsh, Jeremy R.
Waters, L. B. F. M.
Zijlstra, Albert
author_facet Bhatt, Charmi
Cao, Simon W.
Cami, Jan
Clark, Nicholas
Ehrenfreund, Pascale
Peeters, Els
Matsuura, Mikako
Sloan, G. C.
Dinerstein, Harriet L.
Kavanagh, Patrick
Volk, Kevin
Aleman, Isabel
Barlow, Michael J.
Justannont, Kay
Kraemer, Kathleen E.
Kastner, Joel H.
Kemper, Francisca
Monteiro, Hektor
Sahai, Raghvendra
Sterling, N. C.
Walsh, Jeremy R.
Waters, L. B. F. M.
Zijlstra, Albert
contents Using JWST/MIRI observations, we report the detection of CO$_2$ ice in the dusty torus of the planetary nebula NGC 6302, an environment generally considered hostile to fragile molecular species and ices due to intense UV irradiation. This detection accompanies cold (20-50 K) gas-phase CO$_2$ along the same sightlines. The ice absorption profile exhibits a double-peak profile, a characteristic of pure, crystalline CO$_2$ ice. The CO$_2$ gas-to-ice ratio is more than an order of magnitude higher than in young stellar objects, pointing to distinct ice formation or processing mechanisms in evolved stellar environments. This discovery demonstrates that the dusty torus provides sufficient shielding to harbour ice chemistry, and that ice-mediated surface reactions must be incorporated into chemical models of planetary nebulae.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_22366
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Detection of CO$_2$ ice in the planetary nebula NGC 6302
Bhatt, Charmi
Cao, Simon W.
Cami, Jan
Clark, Nicholas
Ehrenfreund, Pascale
Peeters, Els
Matsuura, Mikako
Sloan, G. C.
Dinerstein, Harriet L.
Kavanagh, Patrick
Volk, Kevin
Aleman, Isabel
Barlow, Michael J.
Justannont, Kay
Kraemer, Kathleen E.
Kastner, Joel H.
Kemper, Francisca
Monteiro, Hektor
Sahai, Raghvendra
Sterling, N. C.
Walsh, Jeremy R.
Waters, L. B. F. M.
Zijlstra, Albert
Astrophysics of Galaxies
Using JWST/MIRI observations, we report the detection of CO$_2$ ice in the dusty torus of the planetary nebula NGC 6302, an environment generally considered hostile to fragile molecular species and ices due to intense UV irradiation. This detection accompanies cold (20-50 K) gas-phase CO$_2$ along the same sightlines. The ice absorption profile exhibits a double-peak profile, a characteristic of pure, crystalline CO$_2$ ice. The CO$_2$ gas-to-ice ratio is more than an order of magnitude higher than in young stellar objects, pointing to distinct ice formation or processing mechanisms in evolved stellar environments. This discovery demonstrates that the dusty torus provides sufficient shielding to harbour ice chemistry, and that ice-mediated surface reactions must be incorporated into chemical models of planetary nebulae.
title Detection of CO$_2$ ice in the planetary nebula NGC 6302
topic Astrophysics of Galaxies
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.22366