Spin-Cat Qubit with Biased Noise in an Optical Tweezer Array
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arXiv
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| Auteurs principaux: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866917301899493376 |
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| author | Kusano, Toshi Shibata, Kosuke Yeh, Chih-Han Saito, Keito Nakamura, Yuma Yokoyama, Rei Kashimoto, Takumi Takano, Tetsushi Takasu, Yosuke Takagi, Ryuji Takahashi, Yoshiro |
| author_facet | Kusano, Toshi Shibata, Kosuke Yeh, Chih-Han Saito, Keito Nakamura, Yuma Yokoyama, Rei Kashimoto, Takumi Takano, Tetsushi Takasu, Yosuke Takagi, Ryuji Takahashi, Yoshiro |
| contents | Bias-tailored quantum error correcting codes (QECCs) offer a higher error threshold than standard QECCs and have the potential to achieve lower logical errors with less space overhead. The spin-cat qubit, encoded in a large nuclear spin-$F$ system, is a promising candidate for bias-tailored QECCs. Yet its feasibility is hindered by the difficulty of performing fast covariant SU(2) rotation with arbitrary rotation angles for nuclear spins and by a lack of noise characterization for gate operations in neutral atom platforms. Here we demonstrate single-qubit controls of ${}^{173}\mathrm{Yb}$ spin-cat qubits with nuclear spin $I=5/2$ in an optical tweezer array. We implement a covariant SU(2) rotation and non-linear rotations by optical beams and achieve an averaged single-Clifford gate fidelity of $0.961_{-5}^{+5}$. The measurement of the coherence time and spin relaxation time shows that the idling error becomes increasingly biased toward dephasing errors as the magnitude of the encoded sublevel $|m_F|$ increases. Furthermore, we benchmark the noise bias of rank-preserving gates on spin-cat qubits, demonstrating a finite bias of $18_{-11}^{+132}$, in contrast to the case of the two-level system in ${}^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$, which shows no bias within the experimental uncertainty. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of spin-cat qubits for realizing bias-tailored QECCs, paving the way for achieving hardware-efficient quantum error correction. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_22883 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Spin-Cat Qubit with Biased Noise in an Optical Tweezer Array Kusano, Toshi Shibata, Kosuke Yeh, Chih-Han Saito, Keito Nakamura, Yuma Yokoyama, Rei Kashimoto, Takumi Takano, Tetsushi Takasu, Yosuke Takagi, Ryuji Takahashi, Yoshiro Quantum Physics Atomic Physics Bias-tailored quantum error correcting codes (QECCs) offer a higher error threshold than standard QECCs and have the potential to achieve lower logical errors with less space overhead. The spin-cat qubit, encoded in a large nuclear spin-$F$ system, is a promising candidate for bias-tailored QECCs. Yet its feasibility is hindered by the difficulty of performing fast covariant SU(2) rotation with arbitrary rotation angles for nuclear spins and by a lack of noise characterization for gate operations in neutral atom platforms. Here we demonstrate single-qubit controls of ${}^{173}\mathrm{Yb}$ spin-cat qubits with nuclear spin $I=5/2$ in an optical tweezer array. We implement a covariant SU(2) rotation and non-linear rotations by optical beams and achieve an averaged single-Clifford gate fidelity of $0.961_{-5}^{+5}$. The measurement of the coherence time and spin relaxation time shows that the idling error becomes increasingly biased toward dephasing errors as the magnitude of the encoded sublevel $|m_F|$ increases. Furthermore, we benchmark the noise bias of rank-preserving gates on spin-cat qubits, demonstrating a finite bias of $18_{-11}^{+132}$, in contrast to the case of the two-level system in ${}^{171}\mathrm{Yb}$, which shows no bias within the experimental uncertainty. Our work demonstrates the feasibility of spin-cat qubits for realizing bias-tailored QECCs, paving the way for achieving hardware-efficient quantum error correction. |
| title | Spin-Cat Qubit with Biased Noise in an Optical Tweezer Array |
| topic | Quantum Physics Atomic Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.22883 |