Metastable confinement in Rydberg lattice gauge theories
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arXiv
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| Auteurs principaux: | , , , |
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| Format: | Preprint |
| Publié: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866918357467398144 |
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| author | Li, Yaohua Bhakuni, Devendra Singh Liu, Yong-Chun Dalmonte, Marcello |
| author_facet | Li, Yaohua Bhakuni, Devendra Singh Liu, Yong-Chun Dalmonte, Marcello |
| contents | Confinement and string breaking are two fundamental phenomena in gauge theories. Signatures of both are currently pursued in quantum-simulator experiments, opening a new angle on strongly interacting dynamics of gauge fields out of equilibrium, complementary to traditional particle-physics settings. In this work, we report the emergence of metastable confinement dynamics in a U(1) lattice gauge theory, originating from the competition between string tension and four-Fermi coupling - a competition that naturally arises in Rydberg atom arrays. We show that the initial string state can be resonantly melted through controlled energy matching, a phenomenon we identify as resonant string breaking. We demonstrate this mechanism for both static and Floquet-driven systems, where periodic modulation generates a spectrum of tunable sideband resonances. Our work provides new insights into the mechanisms of confinement and string breaking driven by long-range interactions and time-dependent fields, which are available in current quantum simulators on a variety of platforms. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_22890 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Metastable confinement in Rydberg lattice gauge theories Li, Yaohua Bhakuni, Devendra Singh Liu, Yong-Chun Dalmonte, Marcello Quantum Gases High Energy Physics - Lattice High Energy Physics - Theory Quantum Physics Confinement and string breaking are two fundamental phenomena in gauge theories. Signatures of both are currently pursued in quantum-simulator experiments, opening a new angle on strongly interacting dynamics of gauge fields out of equilibrium, complementary to traditional particle-physics settings. In this work, we report the emergence of metastable confinement dynamics in a U(1) lattice gauge theory, originating from the competition between string tension and four-Fermi coupling - a competition that naturally arises in Rydberg atom arrays. We show that the initial string state can be resonantly melted through controlled energy matching, a phenomenon we identify as resonant string breaking. We demonstrate this mechanism for both static and Floquet-driven systems, where periodic modulation generates a spectrum of tunable sideband resonances. Our work provides new insights into the mechanisms of confinement and string breaking driven by long-range interactions and time-dependent fields, which are available in current quantum simulators on a variety of platforms. |
| title | Metastable confinement in Rydberg lattice gauge theories |
| topic | Quantum Gases High Energy Physics - Lattice High Energy Physics - Theory Quantum Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.22890 |