Testing the Weak Gravity Conjecture via Gravitational Lensing, Black Hole Shadows, and Barrow Thermodynamics in F(R)-Euler-Heisenberg (A)dS Black Holes

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Auteurs principaux: Gashti, Saeed Noori, Sakalli, Izzet, Sucu, Erdem, Alipour, Mohammad Reza, Anand, Ankit, Afshar, Mohammad Ali S, Pourhassan, Behnam, Sadeghi, Jafar
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Publié: 2026
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author Gashti, Saeed Noori
Sakalli, Izzet
Sucu, Erdem
Alipour, Mohammad Reza
Anand, Ankit
Afshar, Mohammad Ali S
Pourhassan, Behnam
Sadeghi, Jafar
author_facet Gashti, Saeed Noori
Sakalli, Izzet
Sucu, Erdem
Alipour, Mohammad Reza
Anand, Ankit
Afshar, Mohammad Ali S
Pourhassan, Behnam
Sadeghi, Jafar
contents We investigate the interplay of the Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC) and the Weak Cosmic Censorship Conjecture (WCCC) in $F(R)$-Euler-Heisenberg black holes in Anti-de Sitter and de Sitter backgrounds. The solution is characterized by the electric charge $q$, the $F(R)$ deviation $f_{R_0}$, the Euler--Heisenberg coupling $λ$, and the constant scalar curvature $R_0$. We establish a universal entropy--extremality relation that provides thermodynamic evidence for the WGC independently of $f_{R_0}$ and $R_0$. Photon sphere analysis from both geodesic and topological perspectives confirms the simultaneous compatibility of the WGC and WCCC, with the Euler--Heisenberg coupling restoring photon spheres in the naked singularity regime. Gravitational lensing in the strong- and weak-deflection limits reveals that the photon sphere radius is independent of the cosmological background while the critical impact parameter nearly doubles in de Sitter. Black hole shadow images under isotropic accretion are constructed. Within the Barrow entropy framework, we uncover van der Waals-type phase transitions and analyze Joule-Thomson expansion, identifying the small black hole phase as the WGC-compatible thermodynamic regime accessible via isenthalpic cooling.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_22930
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Testing the Weak Gravity Conjecture via Gravitational Lensing, Black Hole Shadows, and Barrow Thermodynamics in F(R)-Euler-Heisenberg (A)dS Black Holes
Gashti, Saeed Noori
Sakalli, Izzet
Sucu, Erdem
Alipour, Mohammad Reza
Anand, Ankit
Afshar, Mohammad Ali S
Pourhassan, Behnam
Sadeghi, Jafar
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Physics - Theory
We investigate the interplay of the Weak Gravity Conjecture (WGC) and the Weak Cosmic Censorship Conjecture (WCCC) in $F(R)$-Euler-Heisenberg black holes in Anti-de Sitter and de Sitter backgrounds. The solution is characterized by the electric charge $q$, the $F(R)$ deviation $f_{R_0}$, the Euler--Heisenberg coupling $λ$, and the constant scalar curvature $R_0$. We establish a universal entropy--extremality relation that provides thermodynamic evidence for the WGC independently of $f_{R_0}$ and $R_0$. Photon sphere analysis from both geodesic and topological perspectives confirms the simultaneous compatibility of the WGC and WCCC, with the Euler--Heisenberg coupling restoring photon spheres in the naked singularity regime. Gravitational lensing in the strong- and weak-deflection limits reveals that the photon sphere radius is independent of the cosmological background while the critical impact parameter nearly doubles in de Sitter. Black hole shadow images under isotropic accretion are constructed. Within the Barrow entropy framework, we uncover van der Waals-type phase transitions and analyze Joule-Thomson expansion, identifying the small black hole phase as the WGC-compatible thermodynamic regime accessible via isenthalpic cooling.
title Testing the Weak Gravity Conjecture via Gravitational Lensing, Black Hole Shadows, and Barrow Thermodynamics in F(R)-Euler-Heisenberg (A)dS Black Holes
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Physics - Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.22930