Cybersecurity of Teleoperated Quadruped Robots: A Systematic Survey of Vulnerabilities, Threats, and Open Defense Gaps
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arXiv
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866911472848732160 |
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| author | Sabouri, Mohammad |
| author_facet | Sabouri, Mohammad |
| contents | Teleoperated quadruped robots are increasingly deployed in safety-critical missions -- industrial inspection, military reconnaissance, and emergency response -- yet the security of their communication and control infrastructure remains insufficiently characterized. Quadrupeds present distinct security challenges arising from dynamic stability constraints, gait-dependent vulnerability windows, substantial kinetic energy, and elevated operator cognitive load.
This survey synthesizes peer-reviewed literature and vulnerability disclosures (2019--2025) to provide comprehensive analysis of cybersecurity threats, consequences, and countermeasures for teleoperated quadruped systems. We contribute: (i) a six-layer attack taxonomy spanning perception manipulation, VR/AR operator targeting, communication disruption, control signal attacks, localization spoofing, and network intrusion; (ii) systematic attack-to-consequence mapping with timing characterization; (iii) Technology Readiness Level classification exposing critical maturity gaps between field-deployed communication protections (TRL 7--9) and experimental perception/operator-layer defenses (TRL 3--5); (iv) comparative security analysis of six commercial platforms; (v) pragmatic deployment guidance stratified by implementation timeline; and (vi) eight prioritized research gaps with implementation roadmaps.
Limitations: Platform assessments rely on publicly available information. Attack success rates derive from cited studies under controlled conditions and require domain-specific validation. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_23404 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Cybersecurity of Teleoperated Quadruped Robots: A Systematic Survey of Vulnerabilities, Threats, and Open Defense Gaps Sabouri, Mohammad Robotics Cryptography and Security Systems and Control K.6.5; C.3; I.2.9 Teleoperated quadruped robots are increasingly deployed in safety-critical missions -- industrial inspection, military reconnaissance, and emergency response -- yet the security of their communication and control infrastructure remains insufficiently characterized. Quadrupeds present distinct security challenges arising from dynamic stability constraints, gait-dependent vulnerability windows, substantial kinetic energy, and elevated operator cognitive load. This survey synthesizes peer-reviewed literature and vulnerability disclosures (2019--2025) to provide comprehensive analysis of cybersecurity threats, consequences, and countermeasures for teleoperated quadruped systems. We contribute: (i) a six-layer attack taxonomy spanning perception manipulation, VR/AR operator targeting, communication disruption, control signal attacks, localization spoofing, and network intrusion; (ii) systematic attack-to-consequence mapping with timing characterization; (iii) Technology Readiness Level classification exposing critical maturity gaps between field-deployed communication protections (TRL 7--9) and experimental perception/operator-layer defenses (TRL 3--5); (iv) comparative security analysis of six commercial platforms; (v) pragmatic deployment guidance stratified by implementation timeline; and (vi) eight prioritized research gaps with implementation roadmaps. Limitations: Platform assessments rely on publicly available information. Attack success rates derive from cited studies under controlled conditions and require domain-specific validation. |
| title | Cybersecurity of Teleoperated Quadruped Robots: A Systematic Survey of Vulnerabilities, Threats, and Open Defense Gaps |
| topic | Robotics Cryptography and Security Systems and Control K.6.5; C.3; I.2.9 |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.23404 |