Universality of the Blandford-Znajek emission in stationary and axisymmetric spacetimes

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Hauptverfasser: Camilloni, Filippo, Rezzolla, Luciano
Format: Preprint
Veröffentlicht: 2026
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author Camilloni, Filippo
Rezzolla, Luciano
author_facet Camilloni, Filippo
Rezzolla, Luciano
contents The Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism is widely recognised as the most compelling process to extract rotational energy from an accreting black hole and power the emission of relativistic jets. We explore the universality of this process for generic black-hole spacetimes within the Konoplya-Rezzolla-Zhidenko formalism and find that the lowest-order contribution to the BZ power is invariant across different black-hole spacetimes. We also show that at the next-leading-order, different black-hole spacetimes will lead to different BZ luminosities. As a result, while slowly rotating black holes cannot be distinguished via measurements of their jet power, rapidly rotating ones have the potential of providing information on the strong-field properties of the spacetime when independent measurements of the BZ luminosity and of the black-hole angular velocity are available.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_23417
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Universality of the Blandford-Znajek emission in stationary and axisymmetric spacetimes
Camilloni, Filippo
Rezzolla, Luciano
General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
High Energy Physics - Theory
The Blandford-Znajek (BZ) mechanism is widely recognised as the most compelling process to extract rotational energy from an accreting black hole and power the emission of relativistic jets. We explore the universality of this process for generic black-hole spacetimes within the Konoplya-Rezzolla-Zhidenko formalism and find that the lowest-order contribution to the BZ power is invariant across different black-hole spacetimes. We also show that at the next-leading-order, different black-hole spacetimes will lead to different BZ luminosities. As a result, while slowly rotating black holes cannot be distinguished via measurements of their jet power, rapidly rotating ones have the potential of providing information on the strong-field properties of the spacetime when independent measurements of the BZ luminosity and of the black-hole angular velocity are available.
title Universality of the Blandford-Znajek emission in stationary and axisymmetric spacetimes
topic General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology
High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
High Energy Physics - Theory
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.23417