A Unified Origin of Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter and Nanohertz Gravitational Waves
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866912930918825984 |
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| author | Domènech, Guillem Pi, Shi Wang, Ao |
| author_facet | Domènech, Guillem Pi, Shi Wang, Ao |
| contents | Recent high-cadence observations by Subaru-HSC have identified a population of ultrashort-timescale microlensing events, providing a compelling window for planet-mass primordial black holes (PBHs) to constitute the entirety of dark matter. In this Letter, we demonstrate that this PBH population and the nanohertz stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background reported by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) can be naturally unified by a single primordial origin: a broad, nearly-flat enhancement of the curvature power spectrum with an amplitude of $O(10^{-2})$. The resulting PBH mass function spans the planet-to-solar mass range, while remaining consistent with all current observational constraints. This unified PBH--induced-GW framework makes concrete multi-messenger predictions, which can be decisively scrutinized by forthcoming microlensing surveys, next-generation PTAs, space-borne interferometers, precision astrometry, and laser ranging experiments. |
| format | Preprint |
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arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2602_24061 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | A Unified Origin of Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter and Nanohertz Gravitational Waves Domènech, Guillem Pi, Shi Wang, Ao Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Theory Recent high-cadence observations by Subaru-HSC have identified a population of ultrashort-timescale microlensing events, providing a compelling window for planet-mass primordial black holes (PBHs) to constitute the entirety of dark matter. In this Letter, we demonstrate that this PBH population and the nanohertz stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background reported by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) can be naturally unified by a single primordial origin: a broad, nearly-flat enhancement of the curvature power spectrum with an amplitude of $O(10^{-2})$. The resulting PBH mass function spans the planet-to-solar mass range, while remaining consistent with all current observational constraints. This unified PBH--induced-GW framework makes concrete multi-messenger predictions, which can be decisively scrutinized by forthcoming microlensing surveys, next-generation PTAs, space-borne interferometers, precision astrometry, and laser ranging experiments. |
| title | A Unified Origin of Primordial Black Hole Dark Matter and Nanohertz Gravitational Waves |
| topic | Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology High Energy Physics - Phenomenology High Energy Physics - Theory |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2602.24061 |