Sub-Sharvin conductance and Josephson effect in graphene
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arXiv
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| Natura: | Preprint |
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2026
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| _version_ | 1866918505059713024 |
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| author | Rycerz, Adam |
| author_facet | Rycerz, Adam |
| contents | Titov and Beenakker [Phys. Rev. B 74, 041401(R) (2006)] found, by solving the Dirac-Bogoliubov-De-Gennes equation, that the product of critical current and normal-state resistance for superconductor-graphene-superconductor (S-g-S) Josephson junction takes values (for a short junction and zero temperature) between $I_cR_N\approx{}2.1$ and $I_cR_N\approx{}2.4$ in units of $e/Δ_0$, where $Δ_0$ is the superconducting gap. These values are notably higher than the tunnelling bound ($π/2$), but lower than the ballistic bound ($π$). Here we analyze numerically the tunneling of Cooper pairs through S-g-S junctions in which the longitudinal electrostatic potential profile is tuned, within gates electrodes, from a rectangular to a parabolic one. In the unipolar regime (i.e., when the chemical potential is above the top of a barrier, $μ>0$), it is found that $I_cR_N$ gradually evolves from the graphene-specific to the ballistic value. At the same time, the normal-state conductance increases from the sub-Sharvin value of $1/R_N\approx(π/4)\,G_{\rm Sharvin}$ towards to the Sharvin value $G_{\rm Sharvin}=g_0|μ|W/(π\hbar{}v_F)$, with the conductance quantum $g_0=4e^2/h$, the junction width $W$, and the Fermi velocity in graphene $v_F$. In contrast, in the tripolar regime ($μ<0$), both normal-state conductance and the critical current are suppressed when smoothing the potential; however, $I_c{}R_N$ remains close to the graphene-specific range, even for a parabolic potential. The skewness of the current-phase relation is also discussed. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_01269 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Sub-Sharvin conductance and Josephson effect in graphene Rycerz, Adam Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics Titov and Beenakker [Phys. Rev. B 74, 041401(R) (2006)] found, by solving the Dirac-Bogoliubov-De-Gennes equation, that the product of critical current and normal-state resistance for superconductor-graphene-superconductor (S-g-S) Josephson junction takes values (for a short junction and zero temperature) between $I_cR_N\approx{}2.1$ and $I_cR_N\approx{}2.4$ in units of $e/Δ_0$, where $Δ_0$ is the superconducting gap. These values are notably higher than the tunnelling bound ($π/2$), but lower than the ballistic bound ($π$). Here we analyze numerically the tunneling of Cooper pairs through S-g-S junctions in which the longitudinal electrostatic potential profile is tuned, within gates electrodes, from a rectangular to a parabolic one. In the unipolar regime (i.e., when the chemical potential is above the top of a barrier, $μ>0$), it is found that $I_cR_N$ gradually evolves from the graphene-specific to the ballistic value. At the same time, the normal-state conductance increases from the sub-Sharvin value of $1/R_N\approx(π/4)\,G_{\rm Sharvin}$ towards to the Sharvin value $G_{\rm Sharvin}=g_0|μ|W/(π\hbar{}v_F)$, with the conductance quantum $g_0=4e^2/h$, the junction width $W$, and the Fermi velocity in graphene $v_F$. In contrast, in the tripolar regime ($μ<0$), both normal-state conductance and the critical current are suppressed when smoothing the potential; however, $I_c{}R_N$ remains close to the graphene-specific range, even for a parabolic potential. The skewness of the current-phase relation is also discussed. |
| title | Sub-Sharvin conductance and Josephson effect in graphene |
| topic | Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.01269 |