Percolation-driven $β$ -relaxation enables resonant acceleration of crystallization in amorphous phase-change materials
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arXiv
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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| author | Liu, Yu-Yao Gao, Liang Jiang, Jun-Ying Zhou, Yiming Luebben, Jan Zhao, Di Lu, Xiaoling Müller, Maximilian J. Boettger, Ulrich Wang, Jiang-Jing Yu, Hai-Bin Wei, Shuai |
| author_facet | Liu, Yu-Yao Gao, Liang Jiang, Jun-Ying Zhou, Yiming Luebben, Jan Zhao, Di Lu, Xiaoling Müller, Maximilian J. Boettger, Ulrich Wang, Jiang-Jing Yu, Hai-Bin Wei, Shuai |
| contents | Amorphous phase-change materials enable fast and reversible switching in optical and electronic devices, yet crystallization kinetics are still controlled primarily through empirical thermal protocols. Here we identify a microscopic picture governing crystallization in the prototypical phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5, in which crystallization pathways are organized by the percolation of mobile atomic networks associated with $β$-relaxation. We show that this percolation transition distinguishes the dominance of diffusion-driven and diffusionless nucleation and growth during crystallization processes. We further demonstrate that frequency-selected ultrasonic excitation, applied in conjunction with heating, accelerates crystallization by enhancing percolation-mediated atomic dynamics. This acceleration is maximized near the $β$-relaxation frequency, consistent with resonant excitation of mobile atoms. Our results establish a direct link between glassy relaxation, atomic-scale percolation, and crystallization, and introduce a new route to modulating phase-change kinetics through targeted excitation of fundamental glassy dynamics. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_01559 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Percolation-driven $β$ -relaxation enables resonant acceleration of crystallization in amorphous phase-change materials Liu, Yu-Yao Gao, Liang Jiang, Jun-Ying Zhou, Yiming Luebben, Jan Zhao, Di Lu, Xiaoling Müller, Maximilian J. Boettger, Ulrich Wang, Jiang-Jing Yu, Hai-Bin Wei, Shuai Materials Science Applied Physics Amorphous phase-change materials enable fast and reversible switching in optical and electronic devices, yet crystallization kinetics are still controlled primarily through empirical thermal protocols. Here we identify a microscopic picture governing crystallization in the prototypical phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5, in which crystallization pathways are organized by the percolation of mobile atomic networks associated with $β$-relaxation. We show that this percolation transition distinguishes the dominance of diffusion-driven and diffusionless nucleation and growth during crystallization processes. We further demonstrate that frequency-selected ultrasonic excitation, applied in conjunction with heating, accelerates crystallization by enhancing percolation-mediated atomic dynamics. This acceleration is maximized near the $β$-relaxation frequency, consistent with resonant excitation of mobile atoms. Our results establish a direct link between glassy relaxation, atomic-scale percolation, and crystallization, and introduce a new route to modulating phase-change kinetics through targeted excitation of fundamental glassy dynamics. |
| title | Percolation-driven $β$ -relaxation enables resonant acceleration of crystallization in amorphous phase-change materials |
| topic | Materials Science Applied Physics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.01559 |