physfusion: A Transformer-based Dual-Stream Radar and Vision Fusion Framework for Open Water Surface Object Detection

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Main Authors: Wan, Yuting, Sun, Liguo, Hao, Jiuwu, Zhang, Zao, LV, Pin
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Wan, Yuting
Sun, Liguo
Hao, Jiuwu
Zhang, Zao
LV, Pin
author_facet Wan, Yuting
Sun, Liguo
Hao, Jiuwu
Zhang, Zao
LV, Pin
contents Detecting water-surface targets for Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) is challenging due to wave clutter, specular reflections, and weak appearance cues in long-range observations. Although 4D millimeter-wave radar complements cameras under degraded illumination, maritime radar point clouds are sparse and intermittent, with reflectivity attributes exhibiting heavy-tailed variations under scattering and multipath, making conventional fusion designs struggle to exploit radar cues effectively. We propose PhysFusion, a physics-informed radar-image detection framework for water-surface perception. The framework integrates: (1) a Physics-Informed Radar Encoder (PIR Encoder) with an RCS Mapper and Quality Gate, transforming per-point radar attributes into compact scattering priors and predicting point-wise reliability for robust feature learning under clutter; (2) a Radar-guided Interactive Fusion Module (RIFM) performing query-level radar-image fusion between semantically enriched radar features and multi-scale visual features, with the radar branch modeled by a dual-stream backbone including a point-based local stream and a transformer-based global stream using Scattering-Aware Self-Attention (SASA); and (3) a Temporal Query Aggregation module (TQA) aggregating frame-wise fused queries over a short temporal window for temporally consistent representations. Experiments on WaterScenes and FLOW demonstrate that PhysFusion achieves 59.7% mAP50:95 and 90.3% mAP50 on WaterScenes (T=5 radar history) using 5.6M parameters and 12.5G FLOPs, and reaches 94.8% mAP50 and 46.2% mAP50:95 on FLOW under radar+camera setting. Ablation studies quantify the contributions of PIR Encoder, SASA-based global reasoning, and RIFM.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_01947
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle physfusion: A Transformer-based Dual-Stream Radar and Vision Fusion Framework for Open Water Surface Object Detection
Wan, Yuting
Sun, Liguo
Hao, Jiuwu
Zhang, Zao
LV, Pin
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
Detecting water-surface targets for Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs) is challenging due to wave clutter, specular reflections, and weak appearance cues in long-range observations. Although 4D millimeter-wave radar complements cameras under degraded illumination, maritime radar point clouds are sparse and intermittent, with reflectivity attributes exhibiting heavy-tailed variations under scattering and multipath, making conventional fusion designs struggle to exploit radar cues effectively. We propose PhysFusion, a physics-informed radar-image detection framework for water-surface perception. The framework integrates: (1) a Physics-Informed Radar Encoder (PIR Encoder) with an RCS Mapper and Quality Gate, transforming per-point radar attributes into compact scattering priors and predicting point-wise reliability for robust feature learning under clutter; (2) a Radar-guided Interactive Fusion Module (RIFM) performing query-level radar-image fusion between semantically enriched radar features and multi-scale visual features, with the radar branch modeled by a dual-stream backbone including a point-based local stream and a transformer-based global stream using Scattering-Aware Self-Attention (SASA); and (3) a Temporal Query Aggregation module (TQA) aggregating frame-wise fused queries over a short temporal window for temporally consistent representations. Experiments on WaterScenes and FLOW demonstrate that PhysFusion achieves 59.7% mAP50:95 and 90.3% mAP50 on WaterScenes (T=5 radar history) using 5.6M parameters and 12.5G FLOPs, and reaches 94.8% mAP50 and 46.2% mAP50:95 on FLOW under radar+camera setting. Ablation studies quantify the contributions of PIR Encoder, SASA-based global reasoning, and RIFM.
title physfusion: A Transformer-based Dual-Stream Radar and Vision Fusion Framework for Open Water Surface Object Detection
topic Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.01947