LiveCultureBench: a Multi-Agent, Multi-Cultural Benchmark for Large Language Models in Dynamic Social Simulations

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Pham, Viet-Thanh, Qu, Lizhen, Vu, Thuy-Trang, Haffari, Gholamreza, Phung, Dinh
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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author Pham, Viet-Thanh
Qu, Lizhen
Vu, Thuy-Trang
Haffari, Gholamreza
Phung, Dinh
author_facet Pham, Viet-Thanh
Qu, Lizhen
Vu, Thuy-Trang
Haffari, Gholamreza
Phung, Dinh
contents Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents, yet evaluations focus primarily on task success rather than cultural appropriateness or evaluator reliability. We introduce LiveCultureBench, a multi-cultural, dynamic benchmark that embeds LLMs as agents in a simulated town and evaluates them on both task completion and adherence to socio-cultural norms. The simulation models a small city as a location graph with synthetic residents having diverse demographic and cultural profiles. Each episode assigns one resident a daily goal while others provide social context. An LLM-based verifier generates structured judgments on norm violations and task progress, which we aggregate into metrics capturing task-norm trade-offs and verifier uncertainty. Using LiveCultureBench across models and cultural profiles, we study (i) cross-cultural robustness of LLM agents, (ii) how they balance effectiveness against norm sensitivity, and (iii) when LLM-as-a-judge evaluation is reliable for automated benchmarking versus when human oversight is needed.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_01952
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle LiveCultureBench: a Multi-Agent, Multi-Cultural Benchmark for Large Language Models in Dynamic Social Simulations
Pham, Viet-Thanh
Qu, Lizhen
Vu, Thuy-Trang
Haffari, Gholamreza
Phung, Dinh
Artificial Intelligence
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents, yet evaluations focus primarily on task success rather than cultural appropriateness or evaluator reliability. We introduce LiveCultureBench, a multi-cultural, dynamic benchmark that embeds LLMs as agents in a simulated town and evaluates them on both task completion and adherence to socio-cultural norms. The simulation models a small city as a location graph with synthetic residents having diverse demographic and cultural profiles. Each episode assigns one resident a daily goal while others provide social context. An LLM-based verifier generates structured judgments on norm violations and task progress, which we aggregate into metrics capturing task-norm trade-offs and verifier uncertainty. Using LiveCultureBench across models and cultural profiles, we study (i) cross-cultural robustness of LLM agents, (ii) how they balance effectiveness against norm sensitivity, and (iii) when LLM-as-a-judge evaluation is reliable for automated benchmarking versus when human oversight is needed.
title LiveCultureBench: a Multi-Agent, Multi-Cultural Benchmark for Large Language Models in Dynamic Social Simulations
topic Artificial Intelligence
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.01952