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| Format: | Preprint |
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2026
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| Online Access: | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.02231 |
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| _version_ | 1866914364378841088 |
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| author | Zhang, Huiwen Ye, Feng Ma, Chu |
| author_facet | Zhang, Huiwen Ye, Feng Ma, Chu |
| contents | Large-scale wave field reconstruction requires precise solutions but faces challenges with computational efficiency and accuracy. The physics-based numerical methods like Finite Element Method (FEM) provide high accuracy but struggle with large-scale or high-frequency problems due to prohibitive computational costs. Pure data-driven approaches excel in speed but often lack sufficient labeled data for complex scenarios. Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) integrate physical principles into machine learning models, offering a promising solution by bridging these gaps. However, standard PINNs embed physical principles only in loss functions, leading to slow convergence, optimization instability, and spectral bias, limiting their ability for large-scale wave field reconstruction. This work introduces architecture physics embedded (PE)-PINN, which integrates additional physical guidance directly into the neural network architecture beyond Helmholtz equations and boundary conditions in loss functions. Specifically, a new envelope transformation layer is designed to mitigate spectral bias with kernels parameterized by source properties, material interfaces, and wave physics. Experiments demonstrate that PE-PINN achieves more than 10 times speedup in convergence compared to standard PINNs and several orders of magnitude reduction in memory usage compared to FEM. This breakthrough enables high-fidelity modeling for large-scale 2D/3D electromagnetic wave reconstruction involving reflections, refractions, and diffractions in room-scale domains, readily applicable to wireless communications, sensing, room acoustics, and other fields requiring large-scale wave field analysis. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_02231 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Physics-Informed Neural Networks with Architectural Physics Embedding for Large-Scale Wave Field Reconstruction Zhang, Huiwen Ye, Feng Ma, Chu Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence Large-scale wave field reconstruction requires precise solutions but faces challenges with computational efficiency and accuracy. The physics-based numerical methods like Finite Element Method (FEM) provide high accuracy but struggle with large-scale or high-frequency problems due to prohibitive computational costs. Pure data-driven approaches excel in speed but often lack sufficient labeled data for complex scenarios. Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) integrate physical principles into machine learning models, offering a promising solution by bridging these gaps. However, standard PINNs embed physical principles only in loss functions, leading to slow convergence, optimization instability, and spectral bias, limiting their ability for large-scale wave field reconstruction. This work introduces architecture physics embedded (PE)-PINN, which integrates additional physical guidance directly into the neural network architecture beyond Helmholtz equations and boundary conditions in loss functions. Specifically, a new envelope transformation layer is designed to mitigate spectral bias with kernels parameterized by source properties, material interfaces, and wave physics. Experiments demonstrate that PE-PINN achieves more than 10 times speedup in convergence compared to standard PINNs and several orders of magnitude reduction in memory usage compared to FEM. This breakthrough enables high-fidelity modeling for large-scale 2D/3D electromagnetic wave reconstruction involving reflections, refractions, and diffractions in room-scale domains, readily applicable to wireless communications, sensing, room acoustics, and other fields requiring large-scale wave field analysis. |
| title | Physics-Informed Neural Networks with Architectural Physics Embedding for Large-Scale Wave Field Reconstruction |
| topic | Machine Learning Artificial Intelligence |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.02231 |