Detecting AI-Generated Essays in Writing Assessment: Responsible Use and Generalizability Across LLMs

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Author: Hao, Jiangang
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Hao, Jiangang
author_facet Hao, Jiangang
contents Writing is a foundational literacy skill that underpins effective communication, fosters critical thinking, facilitates learning across disciplines, and enables individuals to organize and articulate complex ideas. Consequently, writing assessment plays a vital role in evaluating language proficiency, communicative effectiveness, and analytical reasoning. The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has made it increasingly easy to generate coherent, high-quality essays, raising significant concerns about the authenticity of student-submitted work. This chapter first provides an overview of the current landscape of detectors for AI-generated and AI-assisted essays, along with guidelines for their responsible use. It then presents empirical analyses to evaluate how well detectors trained on essays from one LLM generalize to identifying essays produced by other LLMs, based on essays generated in response to public GRE writing prompts. These findings provide guidance for developing and retraining detectors for practical applications.
format Preprint
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institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Detecting AI-Generated Essays in Writing Assessment: Responsible Use and Generalizability Across LLMs
Hao, Jiangang
Computation and Language
Writing is a foundational literacy skill that underpins effective communication, fosters critical thinking, facilitates learning across disciplines, and enables individuals to organize and articulate complex ideas. Consequently, writing assessment plays a vital role in evaluating language proficiency, communicative effectiveness, and analytical reasoning. The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has made it increasingly easy to generate coherent, high-quality essays, raising significant concerns about the authenticity of student-submitted work. This chapter first provides an overview of the current landscape of detectors for AI-generated and AI-assisted essays, along with guidelines for their responsible use. It then presents empirical analyses to evaluate how well detectors trained on essays from one LLM generalize to identifying essays produced by other LLMs, based on essays generated in response to public GRE writing prompts. These findings provide guidance for developing and retraining detectors for practical applications.
title Detecting AI-Generated Essays in Writing Assessment: Responsible Use and Generalizability Across LLMs
topic Computation and Language
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.02353