Electro-optic modulation of coherent and incoherent mid-IR radiation in two-dimensional arrays
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arXiv
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| Autores principales: | , , , , |
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| Formato: | Preprint |
| Publicado: |
2026
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| _version_ | 1866911481191202816 |
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| author | Sisler, Jared Pearson, Phillippe Kelzenberg, Michael Faraon, Andrei Atwater, Harry A. |
| author_facet | Sisler, Jared Pearson, Phillippe Kelzenberg, Michael Faraon, Andrei Atwater, Harry A. |
| contents | Light in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spans wavelengths from 3-8 $μ$m and is important to many applications such as gas sensing and thermal imaging. Due to materials challenges, there is currently a lack of mid-IR reconfigurable optical elements. Here, we present an electrically addressable metasurface for modulation of coherent and incoherent mid-IR radiation in two spatial dimensions. Our device achieves optical modulation due to the field-effect free-carrier depletion in a lightly doped ($10^{19}$ cm$^{-3}$) film of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coupled to a gap plasmon resonator. By addressing 32 individual elements across the metasurface, we first demonstrate tunable diffraction of coherently reflected mid-IR light. Next, we introduce a scalable perimeter-addressed driving scheme for tunable diffraction in two dimensions. Finally, we demonstrate modulated emissivity with spatially reconfigurable two-dimensional patterns at elevated temperatures. This work advances the development of solid-state reflective beam-steering devices in the mid-IR and manipulation of thermally emitted incoherent radiation. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_02401 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Electro-optic modulation of coherent and incoherent mid-IR radiation in two-dimensional arrays Sisler, Jared Pearson, Phillippe Kelzenberg, Michael Faraon, Andrei Atwater, Harry A. Optics Light in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spans wavelengths from 3-8 $μ$m and is important to many applications such as gas sensing and thermal imaging. Due to materials challenges, there is currently a lack of mid-IR reconfigurable optical elements. Here, we present an electrically addressable metasurface for modulation of coherent and incoherent mid-IR radiation in two spatial dimensions. Our device achieves optical modulation due to the field-effect free-carrier depletion in a lightly doped ($10^{19}$ cm$^{-3}$) film of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coupled to a gap plasmon resonator. By addressing 32 individual elements across the metasurface, we first demonstrate tunable diffraction of coherently reflected mid-IR light. Next, we introduce a scalable perimeter-addressed driving scheme for tunable diffraction in two dimensions. Finally, we demonstrate modulated emissivity with spatially reconfigurable two-dimensional patterns at elevated temperatures. This work advances the development of solid-state reflective beam-steering devices in the mid-IR and manipulation of thermally emitted incoherent radiation. |
| title | Electro-optic modulation of coherent and incoherent mid-IR radiation in two-dimensional arrays |
| topic | Optics |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.02401 |