Electro-optic modulation of coherent and incoherent mid-IR radiation in two-dimensional arrays

Fuente: arXiv
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Autores principales: Sisler, Jared, Pearson, Phillippe, Kelzenberg, Michael, Faraon, Andrei, Atwater, Harry A.
Formato: Preprint
Publicado: 2026
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author Sisler, Jared
Pearson, Phillippe
Kelzenberg, Michael
Faraon, Andrei
Atwater, Harry A.
author_facet Sisler, Jared
Pearson, Phillippe
Kelzenberg, Michael
Faraon, Andrei
Atwater, Harry A.
contents Light in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spans wavelengths from 3-8 $μ$m and is important to many applications such as gas sensing and thermal imaging. Due to materials challenges, there is currently a lack of mid-IR reconfigurable optical elements. Here, we present an electrically addressable metasurface for modulation of coherent and incoherent mid-IR radiation in two spatial dimensions. Our device achieves optical modulation due to the field-effect free-carrier depletion in a lightly doped ($10^{19}$ cm$^{-3}$) film of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coupled to a gap plasmon resonator. By addressing 32 individual elements across the metasurface, we first demonstrate tunable diffraction of coherently reflected mid-IR light. Next, we introduce a scalable perimeter-addressed driving scheme for tunable diffraction in two dimensions. Finally, we demonstrate modulated emissivity with spatially reconfigurable two-dimensional patterns at elevated temperatures. This work advances the development of solid-state reflective beam-steering devices in the mid-IR and manipulation of thermally emitted incoherent radiation.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_02401
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle Electro-optic modulation of coherent and incoherent mid-IR radiation in two-dimensional arrays
Sisler, Jared
Pearson, Phillippe
Kelzenberg, Michael
Faraon, Andrei
Atwater, Harry A.
Optics
Light in the mid-infrared (mid-IR) spans wavelengths from 3-8 $μ$m and is important to many applications such as gas sensing and thermal imaging. Due to materials challenges, there is currently a lack of mid-IR reconfigurable optical elements. Here, we present an electrically addressable metasurface for modulation of coherent and incoherent mid-IR radiation in two spatial dimensions. Our device achieves optical modulation due to the field-effect free-carrier depletion in a lightly doped ($10^{19}$ cm$^{-3}$) film of indium-tin-oxide (ITO) coupled to a gap plasmon resonator. By addressing 32 individual elements across the metasurface, we first demonstrate tunable diffraction of coherently reflected mid-IR light. Next, we introduce a scalable perimeter-addressed driving scheme for tunable diffraction in two dimensions. Finally, we demonstrate modulated emissivity with spatially reconfigurable two-dimensional patterns at elevated temperatures. This work advances the development of solid-state reflective beam-steering devices in the mid-IR and manipulation of thermally emitted incoherent radiation.
title Electro-optic modulation of coherent and incoherent mid-IR radiation in two-dimensional arrays
topic Optics
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.02401