Energy-Optimal Allocation of Storage in Transmission Grid Networks
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arXiv
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| Autori principali: | , , |
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| Natura: | Preprint |
| Pubblicazione: |
2026
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| author | Emery, Emile Aumaître, Sébastien Bercegol, Hervé |
| author_facet | Emery, Emile Aumaître, Sébastien Bercegol, Hervé |
| contents | The deployment of renewable energy technologies supposes the connection to the power grid of many new, distributed, and variable electricity production facilities. Among the investments deeply needed for a successful shift to clean energy, electricity storage systems are key to provide power reliably, continuously and economically. Here, we are concerned with the energy that must be invested and embodied in storage devices and in production oversizing to cope with natural variations of renewable electricity production, and compensate for any gap between production and consumption. We developed a model to analyze the variation of energy expenses with the location in the grid, capacity of storage and production oversizing. We apply it to a time scale of fluctuations of a few hours that can be taken care of by Li-ion batteries to calculate the optimal storage capacity and production oversizing yielding a maximum value of the ESOI ratio [Energy Stored On energy Invested] at a given satisfaction rate of customer demand. We evaluate these values for a rescaled present-time French power mix and two idealized zero-emission mixes (100% PV and 100% wind). In parallel, using a recently developed model of French transmission grid, a centrality-based analysis shows that locating storage at nodes of maximal installed power minimizes additional Joule losses. These results generalize existing grid-level energy return frameworks to incorporate storage sizing, placement, and transmission losses into a unified assessment of future power grid configurations. |
| format | Preprint |
| id |
arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_03179 |
| institution | arXiv |
| publishDate | 2026 |
| record_format | arxiv |
| spellingShingle | Energy-Optimal Allocation of Storage in Transmission Grid Networks Emery, Emile Aumaître, Sébastien Bercegol, Hervé Physics and Society The deployment of renewable energy technologies supposes the connection to the power grid of many new, distributed, and variable electricity production facilities. Among the investments deeply needed for a successful shift to clean energy, electricity storage systems are key to provide power reliably, continuously and economically. Here, we are concerned with the energy that must be invested and embodied in storage devices and in production oversizing to cope with natural variations of renewable electricity production, and compensate for any gap between production and consumption. We developed a model to analyze the variation of energy expenses with the location in the grid, capacity of storage and production oversizing. We apply it to a time scale of fluctuations of a few hours that can be taken care of by Li-ion batteries to calculate the optimal storage capacity and production oversizing yielding a maximum value of the ESOI ratio [Energy Stored On energy Invested] at a given satisfaction rate of customer demand. We evaluate these values for a rescaled present-time French power mix and two idealized zero-emission mixes (100% PV and 100% wind). In parallel, using a recently developed model of French transmission grid, a centrality-based analysis shows that locating storage at nodes of maximal installed power minimizes additional Joule losses. These results generalize existing grid-level energy return frameworks to incorporate storage sizing, placement, and transmission losses into a unified assessment of future power grid configurations. |
| title | Energy-Optimal Allocation of Storage in Transmission Grid Networks |
| topic | Physics and Society |
| url | https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.03179 |