How to Peel with a Knife: Aligning Fine-Grained Manipulation with Human Preference

Fuente: arXiv
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Main Authors: Lin, Toru, Deng, Shuying, Yin, Zhao-Heng, Abbeel, Pieter, Malik, Jitendra
Format: Preprint
Published: 2026
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author Lin, Toru
Deng, Shuying
Yin, Zhao-Heng
Abbeel, Pieter
Malik, Jitendra
author_facet Lin, Toru
Deng, Shuying
Yin, Zhao-Heng
Abbeel, Pieter
Malik, Jitendra
contents Many essential manipulation tasks - such as food preparation, surgery, and craftsmanship - remain intractable for autonomous robots. These tasks are characterized not only by contact-rich, force-sensitive dynamics, but also by their "implicit" success criteria: unlike pick-and-place, task quality in these domains is continuous and subjective (e.g. how well a potato is peeled), making quantitative evaluation and reward engineering difficult. We present a learning framework for such tasks, using peeling with a knife as a representative example. Our approach follows a two-stage pipeline: first, we learn a robust initial policy via force-aware data collection and imitation learning, enabling generalization across object variations; second, we refine the policy through preference-based finetuning using a learned reward model that combines quantitative task metrics with qualitative human feedback, aligning policy behavior with human notions of task quality. Using only 50-200 peeling trajectories, our system achieves over 90% average success rates on challenging produce including cucumbers, apples, and potatoes, with performance improving by up to 40% through preference-based finetuning. Remarkably, policies trained on a single produce category exhibit strong zero-shot generalization to unseen in-category instances and to out-of-distribution produce from different categories while maintaining over 90% success rates.
format Preprint
id arxiv_https___arxiv_org_abs_2603_03280
institution arXiv
publishDate 2026
record_format arxiv
spellingShingle How to Peel with a Knife: Aligning Fine-Grained Manipulation with Human Preference
Lin, Toru
Deng, Shuying
Yin, Zhao-Heng
Abbeel, Pieter
Malik, Jitendra
Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
Systems and Control
Many essential manipulation tasks - such as food preparation, surgery, and craftsmanship - remain intractable for autonomous robots. These tasks are characterized not only by contact-rich, force-sensitive dynamics, but also by their "implicit" success criteria: unlike pick-and-place, task quality in these domains is continuous and subjective (e.g. how well a potato is peeled), making quantitative evaluation and reward engineering difficult. We present a learning framework for such tasks, using peeling with a knife as a representative example. Our approach follows a two-stage pipeline: first, we learn a robust initial policy via force-aware data collection and imitation learning, enabling generalization across object variations; second, we refine the policy through preference-based finetuning using a learned reward model that combines quantitative task metrics with qualitative human feedback, aligning policy behavior with human notions of task quality. Using only 50-200 peeling trajectories, our system achieves over 90% average success rates on challenging produce including cucumbers, apples, and potatoes, with performance improving by up to 40% through preference-based finetuning. Remarkably, policies trained on a single produce category exhibit strong zero-shot generalization to unseen in-category instances and to out-of-distribution produce from different categories while maintaining over 90% success rates.
title How to Peel with a Knife: Aligning Fine-Grained Manipulation with Human Preference
topic Robotics
Artificial Intelligence
Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Machine Learning
Systems and Control
url https://arxiv.org/abs/2603.03280